Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris Centre University, Paris, France.
Dermatologia Pediatrica Association, Bari, Italy.
Nicolina Medical Center, Iasi, Romania.
Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, O. L. Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Department of Dermatology, Unit of Pediatric Dermatology, University of Tours, SPHERE-INSERM1246, CHRU Tours, Tours, France.
Department of Dermatology, Ulus Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clìnic, Barcelona, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Dermatology, Children's University Hospital Queen Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Dermato-Venereology, University Hospital Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital San Jose, Bogota, Colombia.
Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany.
Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Dermatology, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, India.
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The initial recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress requiring ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical presentation, course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children differ from those in adults, as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children after thorough and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discussed one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, chilblain-like lesions. In this part of the review, we describe other manifestations, including erythema multiforme, urticaria and Kawasaki disease-like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome. In Part 3, we discuss the histological findings of COVID-19 manifestations, and the testing and management of infected children for both COVID-19 and any other pre-existing conditions.
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Andina D, Belloni-Fortina A, Bodemer C, Bonifazi E, Chiriac A, Colmenero I, Diociaiuti A, El-Hachem M, Fertitta L, van Gysel D, Hernández-Martín A, Hubiche T, Luca C, Martos-Cabrera L, Maruani A, Mazzotta F, Akkaya AD, Casals M, Ferrando J, Grimalt R, Grozdev I, Kinsler V, Morren MA, Munisami M, Nanda A, Novoa MP, Ott H, Pasmans S, Salavastru C, Zawar V, Torrelo A; ESPD Group for the Skin Manifestations of COVID-19.Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Apr;46(3):444-450. doi: 10.1111/ced.14481. Epub 2020 Nov 12.PMID: 33180982 Free PMC article. Review.
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