Skin manifestations of COVID-19 in children: Part 1

D Andina 1, A Belloni-Fortina 2, C Bodemer 3, E Bonifazi 4, A Chiriac 5, I Colmenero 6, A Diociaiuti 7, M El-Hachem 7, L Fertitta 8, D van Gysel 9, A Hernández-Martín 1, T Hubiche 10, C Luca 5, L Martos-Cabrera 1, A Maruani 11, F Mazzotta 4, A D Akkaya 12, M Casals 13, J Ferrando 14, R Grimalt 15, I Grozdev 16, V Kinsler 17, M A Morren 18, M Munisami 19, A Nanda 20, M P Novoa 21, H Ott 22, S Pasmans 23, C Salavastru 24, V Zawar 25, A Torrelo 1; ESPD Group for the Skin Manifestations of COVID-19

Affiliations

01 April 2021

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doi: 10.1111/ced.14481

Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The initial recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress requiring ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical presentation, course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children differ from those in adults as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children after thorough and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discuss one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19, chilblain-like lesions. In Part 2, we review other manifestations, including erythema multiforme, urticaria and Kawasaki disease-like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome, while in Part 3, we discuss the histological findings of COVID-19 manifestations, and the testing and management of infected children, for both COVID-19 and any other pre-existing conditions.

Figures

Figure 1 (a–d) The spectrum of acral ischaemic lesions in children in the setting of COVID‐19.

Figure 1 (a–d) The spectrum of acral ischaemic lesions in children in the setting of COVID‐19.

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KMEL References

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