Imaging in Orthodontics
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Postdoctoral Periodontics/Orthodontics Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: nipul77@upenn.edu.
- Ministry of Health, Government Office, Jasim Boodai Street, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Suite 214, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract
Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric tracings, to digital imaging and intraoral scanners. Software-assisted cephalometric tracings and three-dimensional image analysis have become routine in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Determination of biologic boundaries of orthodontic treatment and evaluation of temporomandibular joints and airway became part of orthodontic assessment. Use of advanced imaging and software to digitally plan the orthognathic surgery and accurately predict a successful outcome are now integral to orthodontic practice. This article discusses radiographic methods used in cephalometric analysis and craniofacial growth and development for a predictable orthodontic assessment and treatment planning.
Keywords: 2D and 3D cephalometric analysis; Airway analysis; Intraoral scans; Obstructive sleep apnea; Orthodontic imaging; Skeletal maturation; TMJ evaluation.
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