Comparative effectiveness of Anti-IL5 and Anti-IgE biologic classes in patients with severe asthma eligible for both

Paul E Pfeffer 1 2Nasloon Ali 3 4Ruth Murray 4Charlotte Ulrik 5Trung N Tran 6Jorge Maspero 7 8Matthew Peters 9George C Christoff 10Mohsen Sadatsafavi 11Carlos A Torres-Duque 12Alan Altraja 13Lauri Lehtimäki 14 15Nikolaos G Papadopoulos 16 17Sundeep Salvi 18Richard W Costello 19Breda Cushen 20Enrico Heffler 21 22Takashi Iwanaga 23Mona Al-Ahmad 24Désirée Larenas-Linnemann 25Piotr Kuna 26João A Fonseca 27Riyad Al-Lehebi 28 29Chin Kook Rhee 30Luis Perez-de-Llano 31 32Diahn-Warng Perng Steve 33 34Bassam Mahboub 35 36Eileen Wang 37 38Celine Goh 3 4Juntao Lyu 3 39Anthony Newell 3 39Marianna Alacqua 40Andrey S Belevskiy 41Mohit Bhutani 42Leif Bjermer 43Unnur Bjornsdottir 44Arnaud Bourdin 45Anna von Bulow 46John Busby 47Giorgio Walter Canonica 21 22Borja G Cosio 48Delbert R Dorscheid 49Mariana Muñoz-Esquerre 50 51J Mark FitzGerald 52Esther Garcia Gil 53Peter G Gibson 54 55Liam G Heaney 56Mark Hew 57 58Ole Hilberg 59Flavia Hoyte 37 38David J Jackson 60 61Mariko Siyue Koh 62 63Hsin-Kuo Bruce Ko 64Jae Ha Lee 65Sverre Lehmann 66 67Cláudia Chaves Loureiro 68Dóra Lúðvíksdóttir 69 70Andrew N Menzies-Gow 71Patrick Mitchell 72Andriana I Papaioannou 73Todor A Popov 74Celeste M Porsbjerg 75Laila Salameh 35 36Concetta Sirena 76Camille Taillé 77Christian Taube 78Yuji Tohda 79Michael E Wechsler 80David B Price 3 4 81

Affiliations


Abstract

Background: Patients with severe asthma may present with characteristics representing overlapping phenotypes, making them eligible for more than one class of biologic. Our aim was to describe the profile of adult patients with severe asthma eligible for both anti-IgE and anti-IL5/5R and to compare the effectiveness of both classes of treatment in real life.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that included adult patients with severe asthma from 22 countries enrolled into the International Severe Asthma registry (ISAR) who were eligible for both anti-IgE and anti-IL5/5R. The effectiveness of anti-IgE and anti-IL5/5R was compared in a 1:1 matched cohort. Exacerbation rate was the primary effectiveness endpoint. Secondary endpoints included long-term-oral corticosteroid (LTOCS) use, asthma-related emergency room (ER) attendance, and hospital admissions.

Results: In the matched analysis (n = 350/group), the mean annualized exacerbation rate decreased by 47.1% in the anti-IL5/5R group and 38.7% in the anti-IgE group. Patients treated with anti-IL5/5R were less likely to experience a future exacerbation (adjusted IRR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64, 0.89; p < 0.001) and experienced a greater reduction in mean LTOCS dose than those treated with anti-IgE (37.44% vs. 20.55% reduction; p = 0.023). There was some evidence to suggest that patients treated with anti-IL5/5R experienced fewer asthma-related hospitalizations (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.38, 1.08), but not ER visits (IRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.61, 1.43).

Conclusions: In real life, both anti-IgE and anti-IL5/5R improve asthma outcomes in patients eligible for both biologic classes; however, anti-IL5/5R was superior in terms of reducing asthma exacerbations and LTOCS use.

Keywords: ISAR; biologics; exacerbation; oral corticosteroids; real life.


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