Sorption Profile of Low Specific Activity 99Mo on Nanoceria-Based Sorbents for the Development of 99mTc Generators: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies

Mohamed F Nawar 1 2, Alaa F El-Daoushy 2, Metwally Madkour 3, Andreas Türler 1

Affiliations

07 May 2022

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doi: 10.3390/nano12091587

Abstract

99Mo/99mTc generators play a significant role in supplying 99mTc for diagnostic interventions in nuclear medicine. However, the applicability of using low specific activity (LSA) 99Mo asks for sorbents with high sorption capacity. Herein, this study aims to evaluate the sorption behavior of LSA 99Mo towards several CeO2 nano-sorbents developed in our laboratory. These nanomaterials were prepared by wet chemical precipitation (CP) and hydrothermal (HT) approaches. Then, they were characterized using XRD, BET, FE-SEM, and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, we evaluated the sorption profile of carrier-added (CA) 99Mo onto each material under different experimental parameters. These parameters include pH, initial concentration of molybdate solution, contact time, and temperature. Furthermore, the maximum sorption capacities were evaluated. The results reveal that out of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) materials, the sorption capacity of HT-1 and CP-2 reach 192 ± 10 and 184 ± 12 mg Mo·g-1, respectively. For both materials, the sorption kinetics and isotherm data agree with the Elovich and Freundlich models, respectively. Moreover, the diffusion study demonstrates that the sorption processes can be described by pore diffusion (for HT-synthesis route 1) and film diffusion (for CP-synthesis route 2). Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the Mo sorption onto both materials is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Consequently, it appears that HT-1 and CP-2 have favorable sorption profiles and high sorption capacities for CA-99Mo. Therefore, they are potential candidates for producing a 99Mo/99mTc radionuclide generator by using LSA 99Mo.

Keywords: CeO2 NPs; LSA 99Mo; hydrothermal modification; sorption kinetics; thermodynamic parameters.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1 The synthesis protocol of CeO2 NPs using wet chemical precipitation and hydrothermal modification approaches.

Figure 1 The synthesis protocol of CeO2 NPs using wet chemical precipitation and hydrothermal modification approaches.

Figure 2 XRD patterns of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via (a) wet chemical precipitation method; (b) hydrothermal modification.

Figure 2 XRD patterns of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via (a) wet chemical precipitation method; (b) hydrothermal modification.

Figure 3 N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via (a) wet chemical precipitation method; (b) hydrothermal modification.

Figure 3 N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via (a) wet chemical precipitation method; (b) hydrothermal modification.

Figure 4 FE-SEM images of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via hydrothermal modification (HT) and wet chemical precipitation method (CP).

Figure 4 FE-SEM images of CeO2 NPs at different temperatures prepared via hydrothermal modification (HT) and wet chemical precipitation method (CP).

Figure 5 Effect of solution pH on (a) the Mo uptake on synthesized CeO2 NPs (Co = 50 mg·L−1, V/m = 100 mL·g−1, and temperature = 25

Figure 5 Effect of solution pH on (a) the Mo uptake on synthesized CeO2 NPs (Co = 50 mg·L−1, V/m = 100 mL·g−1, and temperature = 25

Figure 6 Non-linear fitting of kinetics models (Lagergren-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich) for the sorption of 99Mo on (a) CP-2; (b) HT-1.

Figure 6 Non-linear fitting of kinetics models (Lagergren-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich) for the sorption of 99Mo on (a) CP-2; (b) HT-1.

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