Application of Artificial Intelligence in Combating High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates

Ali A Rabaan 1 2 3, Saad Alhumaid 4, Abbas Al Mutair 5 6 7 8, Mohammed Garout 9, Yem Abulhamayel 10, Muhammad A Halwani 11, Jeehan H Alestad 12 13, Ali Al Bshabshe 14, Tarek Sulaiman 15, Meshal K AlFonaisan 16, Tariq Almusawi 17 18, Hawra Albayat 19, Mohammed Alsaeed 20, Mubarak Alfaresi 21 22, Sultan Alotaibi 23, Yousef N Alhashem 24, Mohamad-Hani Temsah 25, Urooj Ali 26, Naveed Ahmed 27

Affiliations

06 August 2022

-

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060784

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science and engineering that focuses on the computational understanding of intelligent behavior. Many human professions, including clinical diagnosis and prognosis, are greatly useful from AI. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most critical challenges facing Pakistan and the rest of the world. The rising incidence of AMR has become a significant issue, and authorities must take measures to combat the overuse and incorrect use of antibiotics in order to combat rising resistance rates. The widespread use of antibiotics in clinical practice has not only resulted in drug resistance but has also increased the threat of super-resistant bacteria emergence. As AMR rises, clinicians find it more difficult to treat many bacterial infections in a timely manner, and therapy becomes prohibitively costly for patients. To combat the rise in AMR rates, it is critical to implement an institutional antibiotic stewardship program that monitors correct antibiotic use, controls antibiotics, and generates antibiograms. Furthermore, these types of tools may aid in the treatment of patients in the event of a medical emergency in which a physician is unable to wait for bacterial culture results. AI's applications in healthcare might be unlimited, reducing the time it takes to discover new antimicrobial drugs, improving diagnostic and treatment accuracy, and lowering expenses at the same time. The majority of suggested AI solutions for AMR are meant to supplement rather than replace a doctor's prescription or opinion, but rather to serve as a valuable tool for making their work easier. When it comes to infectious diseases, AI has the potential to be a game-changer in the battle against antibiotic resistance. Finally, when selecting antibiotic therapy for infections, data from local antibiotic stewardship programs are critical to ensuring that these bacteria are treated quickly and effectively. Furthermore, organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) have underlined the necessity of selecting the appropriate antibiotic and treating for the shortest time feasible to minimize the spread of resistant and invasive resistant bacterial strains.

Keywords: AMR; advances; antibiotic stewardship; better diagnosis; diagnostic microbiology; global platform.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of dataflow integration.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of dataflow integration.

Figure 2 Gold standards method for AST (disc diffusion) v/s automation methods.

Figure 2 Gold standards method for AST (disc diffusion) v/s automation methods.

Figure 3 Deep antibiotic-resistant gene-sequencing model.

Figure 3 Deep antibiotic-resistant gene-sequencing model.

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