Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Juanita A Haagsma 1, Spencer L James 2, Chris D Castle 3, Zachary V Dingels 3, Jack T Fox 3, Erin B Hamilton 3, Zichen Liu 3, Lydia R Lucchesi 3, Nicholas L S Roberts 3, Dillon O Sylte 3, Oladimeji M Adebayo 4, Alireza Ahmadi 5, Muktar Beshir Ahmed 6, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour 7, Fares Alahdab 8, Suliman A Alghnam 9, Syed Mohamed Aljunid 10 11, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi 12, Ubai Alsharif 13, Khalid Altirkawi 14, Mina Anjomshoa 15, Carl Abelardo T Antonio 16 17, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah 18 19, Olatunde Aremu 20, Amit Arora 21 22, Hamid Asayesh 23, Reza Assadi 24, Ashish Awasthi 25, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla 26 27, Shivanthi Balalla 28, Amrit Banstola 29, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo 30, Till Winfried Bärnighausen 31 32, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi 33 34, Neeraj Bedi 35, Masoud Behzadifar 36, Meysam Behzadifar 37, Corina Benjet 38, Derrick A Bennett 39, Isabela M Bensenor 40, Soumyadeep Bhaumik 41, Zulfiqar A Bhutta 42 43, Ali Bijani 44, Guilherme Borges 38, Rohan Borschmann 45 46, Dipan Bose 47, Soufiane Boufous 48, Alexandra Brazinova 49, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon 50 51, Rosario Cárdenas 52, Juan J Carrero 53, Félix Carvalho 54, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela 55 56, Ferrán Catalá-López 57 58, Jee-Young J Choi 59, Devasahayam J Christopher 60, Christopher Stephen Crowe 61, Koustuv Dalal 62 63, Ahmad Daryani 64, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu 65 66, Louisa Degenhardt 3 67, Diego De Leo 68, Jan-Walter De Neve 31, Kebede Deribe 69 70, Getenet Ayalew Dessie 71, Gabrielle Aline deVeber 72, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne 3 73, Linh Phuong Doan 74, Kate A Dolan 75, Tim Robert Driscoll 76, Manisha Dubey 77, Ziad El-Khatib 78 79, Christian Lycke Ellingsen 80, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki 81, Aman Yesuf Endries 82, Sharareh Eskandarieh 83, Andre Faro 84, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad 85 86, Eduarda Fernandes 87, Irina Filip 88 89, Florian Fischer 90, Richard Charles Franklin 91, Takeshi Fukumoto 92 93, Kebede Embaye Gezae 94, Tiffany K Gill 95, Alessandra C Goulart 96 97, Ayman Grada 98, Yuming Guo 99 100, Rahul Gupta 101 102, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli 103, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian 104 105, Arya Haj-Mirzaian 104 106, Randah R Hamadeh 107, Samer Hamidi 108, Josep Maria Haro 109 110, Hadi Hassankhani 111 112, Hamid Yimam Hassen 113 114, Rasmus Havmoeller 115, Delia Hendrie 116, Andualem Henok 113, Martha Híjar 117 118, Michael K Hole 119, Enayatollah Homaie Rad 120 121, Naznin Hossain 122 123, Sorin Hostiuc 124 125, Guoqing Hu 126, Ehimario U Igumbor 127 128, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi 129, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani 130, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam 131 132, Rebecca Q Ivers 133, Kathryn H Jacobsen 134, Nader Jahanmehr 135 136, Mihajlo Jakovljevic 137, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke 138 139, Ravi Prakash Jha 140, Jost B Jonas 141 142, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari 143, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak 144, Mikk Jürisson 145, Ali Kabir 146, Rizwan Kalani 147, Amir Kasaeian 148 149, Abraham Getachew Kelbore 150, Andre Pascal Kengne 151 152, Yousef Saleh Khader 153, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie 154, Nauman 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Affiliations


Abstract

Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates.

Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate.

Results: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced.

Conclusions: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.

Keywords: burden of disease; descriptive epidemiology; epidemiology.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Dr. Carl Abelardo T Antonio reports personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (Philippines), Inc., outside the submitted work. Dr. Jasvinder Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Spherix, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, stock options in Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking pharmaceuticals, participating in the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, including Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Roche, UCB Group, Ardea/Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, EliLilly, Horizon Pharma, Pfizer, and Centrexion. Dr. Josep Maria Haro reports personal fees from Roche and Lundbeck, and that the institute for which they work provides services to Eli Lilly and Co., outside the submitted work. Dr. Mete Saylan is an employee of Bayer AG, outside the submitted work. Dr Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by National Heart Foundation of Australia and supported by a senior research fellowship from Deakin University, outside the submitted work. Dr. Spencer James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work.


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