Genetic Variants and Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2

Ali A Rabaan 1 2 3, Abbas Al Mutair 4 5 6 7, Mohammed Aljeldah 8, Basim R Al Shammari 8, Tarek Sulaiman 9, Abeer N Alshukairi 2 10, Mubarak Alfaresi 11 12, Jumana M Al-Jishi 13, Neda A Al Bati 14, Maha A Al-Mozaini 15, Ali Al Bshabshe 16, Jenan A Almatouq 17, Abdulmonem A Abuzaid 18, Amal H Alfaraj 19, Wasl Al-Adsani 20 21, Mohammed Alabdullah 22, Sara Alwarthan 23, Fatimah Alsalman 24, Ameen S S Alwashmi 25, Saad Alhumaid 26

Affiliations

01 January 2020

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doi: 10.3390/genes13122355

Abstract

The novel coronavirus-19 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected numerous individuals worldwide, resulting in millions of fatalities. The pandemic spread with high mortality rates in multiple waves, leaving others with moderate to severe symptoms. Co-morbidity variables, including hypertension, diabetes, and immunosuppression, have exacerbated the severity of COVID-19. In addition, numerous efforts have been made to comprehend the pathogenic and host variables that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility and pathogenesis. One of these endeavours is understanding the host genetic factors predisposing an individual to COVID-19. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the host predisposition factors in different populations. These factors are involved in the appropriate immune response, their imbalance influences susceptibility or resistance to viral infection. This review investigated the host genetic components implicated at the various stages of viral pathogenesis, including viral entry, pathophysiological alterations, and immunological responses. In addition, the recent and most updated genetic variations associated with multiple host factors affecting COVID-19 pathogenesis are described in the study.

Keywords: COVID-19; Genetic resistance; coronaviruses; protective immunity.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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