Patient-centred digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: the ARIA-EAACI approach

Jean Bousquet 1 2 3Mohamed H Shamji 4 5Josep M Anto 6 7 8Holger J Schünemann 9G Walter Canonica 10 11Marek Jutel 12 13Stefano Del Giacco 14Torsten Zuberbier 1 3Oliver Pfaar 15Joao A Fonseca 16 17Bernardo Sousa-Pinto 16 17Ludger Klimek 18 19Wienczyslawa Czarlewski 20 21Anna Bedbrook 21 22Rita Amaral 16 17Ignacio J Ansotegui 23Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich 24 25 26Fulvio Braido 27 28Claudia Chaves Loureiro 29Bilun Gemicioglu 30Tari Haahtela 31Marek Kulus 32Piotr Kuna 33Maciej Kupczyk 33Paolo M Matricardi 34Frederico S Regateiro 35 36 37Boleslaw Samolinski 38Mikhail Sofiev 39Sanna Toppila-Salmi 31Arunas Valiulis 40Maria Teresa Ventura 41 42Cristina Barbara 43Karl C Bergmann 1 3Michael Bewick 44Hubert Blain 45Matteo Bonini 46 47 48Louis-Philippe Boulet 49Rodolphe Bourret 50Guy Brusselle 51Luisa Brussino 52 53Roland Buhl 54Victoria Cardona 55 56Thomas Casale 57Lorenzo Cecchi 58Denis Charpin 59Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda 60 61Derek K Chu 9Cemal Cingi 62Elisio M Costa 63Alvaro A Cruz 64Philippe Devillier 65Stephanie Dramburg 66Wytske J Fokkens 67Maia Gotua 68Enrico Heffler 10 11Zhanat Ispayeva 69Juan Carlos Ivancevich 70Guy Joos 51Igor Kaidashev 71Helga Kraxner 72Violeta Kvedariene 73 74Désirée E Larenas-Linnemann 75Daniel Laune 76Olga Lourenço 77Renaud Louis 78 79Mika Makela 31Michael Makris 80Marcus Maurer 1 3Erik Melén 81 82Yann Micheli 76Mario Morais-Almeida 83Joaquim Mullol 84 85Marek Niedoszytko 86Robyn O'Hehir 87Yoshitaka Okamoto 88 89Heidi Olze 90 91Nikolaos G Papadopoulos 92Alberto Papi 93Vincenzo Patella 94 95 96Benoit Pétré 97Nhân Pham-Thi 98 99 100Francesca Puggioni 101Santiago Quirce 102Nicolas Roche 103Philip W Rouadi 104 105Ana Sá-Sousa 16 17Hironori Sagara 106Joaquin Sastre 107Nicola Scichilone 108Aziz Sheikh 109Milan Sova 110Charlotte Suppli Ulrik 111 112Luis Taborda-Barata 113 114Ana Todo-Bom 115Maria J Torres 116Ioanna Tsiligianni 117 118Omar S Usmani 119 48Erkka Valovirta 120Tuula Vasankari 121 122Rafael José Vieira 16 17Dana Wallace 123Susan Waserman 124Mihaela Zidarn 125 126Arzu Yorgancioglu 127Luo Zhang 128Tomas Chivato 129Markus Ollert 130 131

Affiliations

11 April 2023

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doi: 10.1111/all.15740


Abstract

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the centre of the health system and is likely to optimise the practice of allergy. ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomised controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, were embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of-life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.

Keywords: ARIA; EAACI; apps; asthma; digital health; rhinitis.


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