Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration; Jonathan M Kocarnik 1, Kelly Compton 1, Frances E Dean 1, Weijia Fu 1, Brian L Gaw 1, James D Harvey 1, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson 2 3, Dan Lu 1, Alyssa Pennini 1, Rixing Xu 1, Emad Ababneh 4, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari 5, Hedayat Abbastabar 6, Sherief M Abd-Elsalam 7, Amir Abdoli 8, Aidin Abedi 9, Hassan Abidi 10, Hassan Abolhassani 11 12, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji 13, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani 14 15, Shailesh M Advani 16 17, Muhammad Sohail Afzal 18, Mohammad Aghaali 19, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah 20, Sajjad Ahmad 21, Tauseef Ahmad 22, Ali Ahmadi 23 24, Sepideh Ahmadi 25, Tarik Ahmed Rashid 26, Yusra Ahmed Salih 27 28, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu 29 30, Addis Aklilu 31, Tayyaba Akram 32, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna 33 34, Hanadi Al Hamad 35 36, Fares Alahdab 37, Ziyad Al-Aly 38 39, Saqib Ali 40, Yousef Alimohamadi 41 42, Vahid Alipour 43 44, Syed Mohamed Aljunid 45 46, Motasem Alkhayyat 47, Amir Almasi-Hashiani 48, Nihad A Almasri 49, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri 50 51, Sami Almustanyir 52 53, Nivaldo Alonso 54, Nelson Alvis-Guzman 55 56, Hubert Amu 57, Etsay Woldu Anbesu 58, Robert Ancuceanu 59, Fereshteh Ansari 60 61, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam 62, Maxwell Hubert Antwi 63 64, Davood Anvari 65 66, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor 67, Muhammad Aqeel 68, Jalal Arabloo 43, Morteza Arab-Zozani 69, Olatunde Aremu 70, Hany Ariffin 71 72, Timur Aripov 73 74, Muhammad Arshad 75, Al Artaman 76, Judie Arulappan 77, Zatollah Asemi 78, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi 79 80, Tahira Ashraf 81, Prince Atorkey 82 83, Avinash Aujayeb 84, Marcel Ausloos 85 86, Atalel Fentahun Awedew 87, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla 88 89, Temesgen Ayenew 90, Mohammed A Azab 91, Sina Azadnajafabad 92, Amirhossein Azari Jafari 93, Ghasem Azarian 94, Ahmed Y Azzam 95, Ashish D Badiye 96, Saeed Bahadory 97 98, Atif Amin Baig 99, Jennifer L Baker 100, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan 101, Maciej Banach 102 103, Till Winfried Bärnighausen 104 105, Francesco Barone-Adesi 106, Fabio Barra 107, Amadou Barrow 108 109, Masoud Behzadifar 110, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi 111, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe 112 113, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih 114 115, Devidas S Bhagat 116, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula 117 118, Nikha Bhardwaj 119, Pankaj Bhardwaj 120 121, Sonu Bhaskar 122 123, Krittika Bhattacharyya 124 125, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja 126, Sadia Bibi 127, Ali Bijani 128, Antonio Biondi 129, Catherine Bisignano 1, Tone Bjørge 130 131, Archie Bleyer 132 133, Oleg Blyuss 134 135, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa 136, Srinivasa Rao Bolla 137, Dejana Braithwaite 138 139, Amanpreet Brar 140, Hermann Brenner 141, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira 142, Nadeem Shafique Butt 143, Zahid A Butt 144 145, Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos 146, Yin Cao 147, Giulia Carreras 148, Ferrán Catalá-López 149 150, Francieli Cembranel 151, Ester Cerin 152 153, Achille Cernigliaro 154, Raja Chandra Chakinala 155, Soosanna Kumary Chattu 156, Vijay Kumar Chattu 157 158, Pankaj Chaturvedi 159 160, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir 161, Daniel Youngwhan Cho 162, Devasahayam J Christopher 163, Dinh-Toi Chu 164, Michael T Chung 165, Joao Conde 166, Sanda Cortés 167 168, Paolo Angelo Cortesi 169, Vera Marisa Costa 170, Amanda Ramos Cunha 171, Omid Dadras 172 173, Amare Belachew Dagnew 174, Saad M A Dahlawi 175, Xiaochen Dai 1 176, Lalit Dandona 1 177 178, Rakhi Dandona 1 176 177, Aso Mohammad Darwesh 179, José das Neves 180 181, Fernando Pio De la Hoz 182, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis 183 184, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez 185, Deepak Dhamnetiya 186, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal 187 188, Meghnath Dhimal 189, Mostafa Dianatinasab 190 191, Daniel Diaz 192 193, Shirin Djalalinia 194, Huyen Phuc Do 195, Saeid Doaei 196 197, Fariba Dorostkar 198, Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo 199, Tim Robert Driscoll 200, Hedyeh Ebrahimi 201 202, Sahar Eftekharzadeh 203, Maha El Tantawi 204, Hassan El-Abid 205, Iffat Elbarazi 118, Hala Rashad Elhabashy 206, Muhammed Elhadi 207, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary 208, Babak Eshrati 209, Sharareh Eskandarieh 210, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh 211, Arash Etemadi 212, Sayeh Ezzikouri 213, Mohammed Faisaluddin 214, Emerito Jose A Faraon 215, Jawad Fares 216, Farshad Farzadfar 201, Abdullah Hamid Feroze 217 218, Simone Ferrero 219, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri 220, Irina Filip 221 222, Florian Fischer 223, James L Fisher 224, Masoud Foroutan 225 226, Takeshi Fukumoto 227, Peter Andras Gaal 228 229, Mohamed M Gad 230 231, Muktar A Gadanya 232 233, Silvano Gallus 234, Mariana Gaspar Fonseca 235, Abera Getachew Obsa 236, Mansour Ghafourifard 237, Ahmad Ghashghaee 43 238, Nermin Ghith 239, Maryam Gholamalizadeh 240, Syed Amir Gilani 241 242, Themba G Ginindza 243, Abraham Tamirat T Gizaw 244, James C Glasbey 245, Mahaveer Golechha 246, Pouya Goleij 247, Ricardo Santiago Gomez 248, Sameer Vali Gopalani 249 250, Giuseppe Gorini 251, Houman Goudarzi 252 253, Giuseppe Grosso 254, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari 255, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra 142, Avirup Guha 256 257, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera 258, Bhawna Gupta 259, Veer Bala Gupta 260, Vivek Kumar Gupta 261, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez 262, Nima Hafezi-Nejad 263 264, Mohammad Rifat Haider 265, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian 266 267, Rabih Halwani 268 269, Randah R Hamadeh 270, Sajid Hameed 271, Samer Hamidi 272, Asif Hanif 271, Shafiul Haque 273, Netanja I Harlianto 274 275, Josep Maria Haro 276 277, Ahmed I Hasaballah 278, Soheil Hassanipour 279 280, Roderick J Hay 281 282, Simon I Hay 1 176, Khezar Hayat 283 284, Golnaz Heidari 285, Mohammad Heidari 286, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna 287, Claudiu Herteliu 86 288, Kamal Hezam 289 290, Ramesh Holla 291, Md Mahbub Hossain 292 293, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain 294, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini 295, Mostafa Hosseini 42 296, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh 297 298, Mihaela Hostiuc 299, Sorin Hostiuc 300 301, Mowafa Househ 302, Mohamed Hsairi 303, Junjie Huang 304, Fernando N Hugo 305, Rabia Hussain 306, Nawfal R Hussein 307, Bing-Fang Hwang 308, Ivo Iavicoli 309, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye 310, Fidelia Ida 311, Kevin S Ikuta 1 312, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi 313 314, Irena M Ilic 315, Milena D Ilic 316, Lalu Muhammad Irham 317 318, Jessica Y Islam 319, Rakibul M Islam 320, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam 321 322, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail 323, Gaetano Isola 324, Masao Iwagami 325 326, Louis Jacob 327 328, Vardhmaan Jain 47, Mihajlo B Jakovljevic 329 330, Tahereh Javaheri 331, Shubha Jayaram 332, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri 333, Ravi Prakash Jha 186 334, Jost B Jonas 335 336, Tamas Joo 228, Nitin Joseph 337, Farahnaz Joukar 279 280, Mikk Jürisson 338, Ali Kabir 339, Danial Kahrizi 340, Leila R Kalankesh 341, Rohollah Kalhor 342 343, Feroze Kaliyadan 344, Yogeshwar Kalkonde 345, Ashwin Kamath 291 346, Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi 347, Himal Kandel 348 349, Neeti Kapoor 96, André Karch 350, Ayele Semachew Kasa 351, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi 352, Joonas H Kauppila 353 354, Taras Kavetskyy 355 356, Sewnet Adem Kebede 357, Pedram Keshavarz 358 359, Mohammad Keykhaei 201 360, Yousef Saleh Khader 361, Rovshan Khalilov 362 363, Gulfaraz Khan 364, Maseer Khan 365, Md Nuruzzaman Khan 366, Moien A B Khan 367 368, Young-Ho Khang 369 370, Amir M Khater 371, Maryam Khayamzadeh 372 373, Gyu Ri Kim 374, Yun Jin Kim 375, Adnan Kisa 376 377, Sezer Kisa 378, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek 379, Jacek A Kopec 380 381, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran 382, Parvaiz A Koul 383, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana 384, Ai Koyanagi 385 386, Burcu Kucuk Bicer 387, Nuworza Kugbey 388, G Anil Kumar 177, Narinder Kumar 389, Nithin Kumar 337, Om P Kurmi 390 391, Tezer Kutluk 392, Carlo La Vecchia 393, Faris Hasan Lami 394, Iván Landires 395 396, Paolo Lauriola 397, Sang-Woong Lee 398, Shaun Wen Huey Lee 399 400, Wei-Chen Lee 401, Yo Han Lee 402, James Leigh 403, Elvynna Leong 404, Jiarui Li 405, Ming-Chieh Li 406, Xuefeng Liu 407 408, Joana A Loureiro 409 410, Raimundas Lunevicius 411 412, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek 413, Azeem Majeed 414, Alaa Makki 415, Shilpa Male 416, Ahmad Azam Malik 271 417, Mohammad Ali Mansournia 42, Santi Martini 418 419, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi 420, Prashant Mathur 421, Martin McKee 422, Ravi Mehrotra 423, Walter Mendoza 424, Ritesh G Menezes 425, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha 426, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah 427, Tomislav Mestrovic 428 429, Junmei Miao Jonasson 430, Bartosz Miazgowski 431 432, Tomasz Miazgowski 433, Irmina Maria Michalek 434, Ted R Miller 435 436, Hamed Mirzaei 78, Hamid Reza Mirzaei 437, Sanjeev Misra 438, Prasanna Mithra 337, Masoud Moghadaszadeh 439 440, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad 441, Yousef Mohammad 442, Mokhtar Mohammadi 443, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi 444, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani 23, Shafiu Mohammed 445 446, Nagabhishek Moka 447 448, Ali H Mokdad 1 176, Mariam Molokhia 449, Lorenzo Monasta 450, Mohammad Ali Moni 451, Mohammad Amin Moosavi 452, Yousef Moradi 453, Paula Moraga 454, Joana Morgado-da-Costa 455, Shane Douglas Morrison 456, Abbas Mosapour 457 458, Sumaira Mubarik 459, Lillian Mwanri 460, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan 461 462, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju 463, Chie Nagata 464, Mukhammad David Naimzada 465 466, Vinay Nangia 467, Atta Abbas Naqvi 468 469, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy 470, Rawlance Ndejjo 471, Sabina O Nduaguba 472, Ionut Negoi 473 474, Serban Mircea Negru 475, Sandhya Neupane Kandel 476, Cuong Tat Nguyen 477, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen 477, Robina Khan Niazi 478, Chukwudi A Nnaji 479 480, Nurulamin M Noor 481 482, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio 483 484, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam 485, Bogdan Oancea 486, Chimedsuren Ochir 487 488, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya 489 490, Felix Akpojene Ogbo 491, Andrew T Olagunju 492 493, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde 494, Emad Omar 495, Ahmed Omar Bali 496, Abidemi E Emmanuel Omonisi 497 498, Sokking Ong 499 500, Obinna E Onwujekwe 501, Hans Orru 338 502, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano 503, Nikita Otstavnov 465, Stanislav S Otstavnov 465 504, Mayowa O Owolabi 505 506, Mahesh P A 507, Jagadish Rao Padubidri 291, Keyvan Pakshir 508, Adrian Pana 86 509, Demosthenes Panagiotakos 510, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas 335, Shahina Pardhan 511, Eun-Cheol Park 374 512, Eun-Kee Park 513, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan 514, Harsh K Patel 515, Jenil R Patel 516 517, Siddhartha Pati 518 519, Sanjay M Pattanshetty 520, Uttam Paudel 521 522, David M Pereira 523, Renato B Pereira 524, Arokiasamy Perianayagam 525, Julian David Pillay 526, Saeed Pirouzpanah 527, Farhad Pishgar 201 528, Indrashis Podder 529, Maarten J Postma 530 531, Hadi Pourjafar 532 533, Akila Prashant 534, Liliana Preotescu 535 536, Mohammad Rabiee 537, Navid Rabiee 538, Amir Radfar 539, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan 540, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan 541, Ata Rafiee 542, Fakher Rahim 543, Shadi Rahimzadeh 544, Mosiur Rahman 545, Muhammad Aziz Rahman 546 547, Amir Masoud Rahmani 548, Nazanin Rajai 549, Aashish Rajesh 550, Ivo Rakovac 551, Pradhum Ram 552, Kiana Ramezanzadeh 266, Kamal Ranabhat 553 554, Priyanga Ranasinghe 555, Chythra R Rao 556, Sowmya J Rao 557, Reza Rawassizadeh 558, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia 559 560, Andre M N Renzaho 561 562, Negar Rezaei 201 563, Nima Rezaei 12 564, Aziz Rezapour 43, Thomas J Roberts 565, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez 566, Peter Rohloff 567 568, Michele Romoli 569, Luca Ronfani 450, Gholamreza Roshandel 570, Godfrey M Rwegerera 571, Manjula S 572, Siamak Sabour 24, Basema Saddik 573, Umar Saeed 574 575, Amirhossein Sahebkar 576 577, Harihar Sahoo 525, Sana Salehi 578, Marwa Rashad Salem 579, Hamideh Salimzadeh 580, Mehrnoosh Samaei 581, Abdallah M Samy 582, Juan Sanabria 583 584, Senthilkumar Sankararaman 585 586, Milena M Santric-Milicevic 315 587, Yaeesh Sardiwalla 588, Arash Sarveazad 589, Brijesh Sathian 35 590, Monika Sawhney 591, Mete Saylan 592, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider 593, Mario Sekerija 594 595, Allen Seylani 596, Omid Shafaat 263 597, Zahra Shaghaghi 598, Masood Ali Shaikh 599, Erfan Shamsoddin 600 601, Mohammed Shannawaz 602, Rajesh Sharma 603, Aziz Sheikh 604 605, Sara Sheikhbahaei 263, Adithi Shetty 606, Jeevan K Shetty 607, Pavanchand H Shetty 608, Kenji Shibuya 609, Reza Shirkoohi 610 611, K M Shivakumar 612, Velizar Shivarov 613 614, Soraya Siabani 615 616, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa 617, Diego Augusto Santos Silva 618, Jasvinder A Singh 619 620, Yitagesu Sintayehu 621, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin 622, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina 623, Matthew J Soeberg 624, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi 600 625, Houman Sotoudeh 626, Paschalis Steiropoulos 627, Kurt Straif 628 629, Ranjeeta Subedi 630, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan 631, Iyad Sultan 632 633, Saima Sultana 634, Daniel Sur 635 636, Viktória Szerencsés 228, Miklós Szócska 637, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos 638 639, Takahiro Tabuchi 640, Hooman Tadbiri 641, Amir Taherkhani 642, Ken Takahashi 624, Iman M Talaat 268 643, Ker-Kan Tan 644, Vivian Y Tat 645, Bemnet Amare A Tedla 646 647, Yonas Getaye Tefera 648, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi 209 649, Mohamad-Hani Temsah 650, Fisaha Haile Tesfay 651 652, Gizachew Assefa Tessema 436 653, Rekha Thapar 337, Aravind Thavamani 585 654, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar 655, Nihal Thomas 656, Hamid Reza Tohidinik 657, Mathilde Touvier 658 659, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone 660 661, Eugenio Traini 450 662, Bach Xuan Tran 663, Khanh Bao Tran 664 665, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran 666 667, Jaya Prasad Tripathy 668, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa 669, Irfan Ullah 670 671, Saif Ullah 127, Krishna Kishore Umapathi 672, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan 673, Era Upadhyay 674, Marco Vacante 129, Maryam Vaezi 675 676, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz 677 678, Diana Zuleika Velazquez 193, Massimiliano Veroux 679, Francesco S Violante 680 681, Vasily Vlassov 682, Bay Vo 683, Victor Volovici 684 685, Giang Thu Vu 195, Yasir Waheed 21, Richard G Wamai 686 687, Paul Ward 688, Yi Feng Wen 689, Ronny Westerman 690, Andrea Sylvia Winkler 691 692, Lalit Yadav 693 694, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari 677, Lin Yang 695 696, Sanni Yaya 697 698, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie 699, Yigizie Yeshaw 700, Naohiro Yonemoto 701 702, Mustafa Z Younis 703 704, Zabihollah Yousefi 705, Chuanhua Yu 459, Deniz Yuce 706, Ismaeel Yunusa 707, Vesna Zadnik 708, Fariba Zare 709, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin 710 711, Anasthasia Zastrozhina 712, Jianrong Zhang 713 714, Chenwen Zhong 304, Linghui Zhou 715, Cong Zhu 716, Arash Ziapour 615, Ivan R Zimmermann 717, Christina Fitzmaurice 1 718, Christopher J L Murray 1 176, Lisa M Force 1 176 719
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
- Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
- Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia.
- Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California.
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq.
- Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria.
- Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria.
- Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota.
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri.
- Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
- Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
- Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
- Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan.
- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
- Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England.
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- San Martin de Porres University, Lima, Peru.
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India.
- Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Abstract
Importance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.
Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.
Evidence review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.
Conclusions and relevance: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Kocarnik reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities as well as nonfinancial support from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation during the conduct of the study. Drs Lu, Xu, Bisignano, Compton, Dean, Fu, Mohammed, and Henrikson reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Ancuceanu reported personal fees and nonfinancial support from AbbVie; personal fees from Sandoz and B. Braun; and consulting/speaking fees from UCB, Sandoz, AbbVie, Zentiva, Teva, Laropharm, CEGEDIM, Angelini, B. Braun, Biessen Pharma, Hofigal, AstraZeneca, and Stada. Dr Atorkey received research support from Hunter Medical Research Research Institute. Dr Bhaskar reported grants from the NSW Ministry of Health NSW Brain Clot Bank outside the submitted work and serving on the board of directors for the Rotary Club of Sydney and International Rotary Fellowship of Healthcare Professionals. Dr Conde reported being a cofounder of and shareholder in TargTex S.A. Dr Dai reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Dr Filip reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute. Dr Ghith reported grants from NovoNordisk Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Haro reported research support from Eli Lilly and Co. Dr J. Islam reported grants from the American Society of Clinical Oncology outside the submitted work. Dr S. Islam reported grants from NHMRC Emerging Leadership Fellowship and the National Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship and Vanguard Grant outside the submitted work. Dr Ismail reported being a council member of the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy. Dr Katikireddi reported grants from the Medical Research Council and the Scottish government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study as well as being a member of the steering group for Obesity Action Scotland. Dr Kauppila reported grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundation, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Loureiro reported grants from FCT Scientific and Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme through the European Regional Development Fund outside the submitted work. Dr Moni reported grants from the University of Queensland during the conduct of the study. Dr Radfar reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and the Clinical Research Institute. Dr Rakovac reported grants from the World Health Organization during the conduct of the study. Dr Saylan reported being an employee of Bayer. Dr Sekerija reported personal fees from Roche and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. Dr Sheikh reported grants from Health Data Research UK outside the submitted work. Dr Singh reported consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Navigant, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point, National Institutes of Health, American College of Rheumatology, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Adept Field Solutions, Two Labs Inc, Clinical Care Options, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, and Focus Forward; stock options in TPT Global Tech, Vaxart, Atyu, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte’s Web Holdings, Inc; nonfinancial support from Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology; service on the US Food and Drug Administration arthritis advisory committee, American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting planning committee and quality of care committees and as chair of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee and American College of Rheumatology Meet-the-Professor, Workshop and Study Group subcommittee and Criteria and Response Criteria subcommittee (cochair); and being the editor and director of the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis. Dr Zhu reported grants from the UTHealth Innovation for Cancer Prevention Research Training Program Predoctoral Fellowship. Dr Force reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and St. Baldrick’s Foundation, financial support from the National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Award, and research support from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aujayeb reports grants, honoraria, and personal fees from Rocket Medical PLC outside the submitted work. Dr Ausloos reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submitted work. Dr Bärnighausen reports grants from the European Union, German Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and World Health Organization; consulting fees from KfW; board participation in the National Institutes of Health’s Healthy Options study, German National Committee, EDCTP Evaluation, Global Health Hub Germany, and University of Pennsylvania Population Aging Research Center; and service as a member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS, and the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee for the Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief outside the submitted work. Dr Bhagat reports personal fees from Elsevier and Springer outside the submitted work. Dr Bleyer reports royalties or licenses from Springer Publishing, Germany; consulting fees from Slack Publishing, and expert testimony with Bradley Drendel & Jeanney outside the submitted work. Dr Braithwaite reports research support from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. Dr Catalá-López reports board service with the International Agency for Research on Cancer outside the submitted work. Dr Chaturvedi reports grants from the National Institutes of Health and government of India outside the submitted work. Dr Cortés reports research support from the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Chile. Dr Driscoll reports expert testimony in 2019 and board membership with the Expert Advisory Group of the Australian Mesothelioma Registry outside the submitted work. Dr El-Jaafary reports service on the steering committee of the Movement Disorder Society Young Members group. Dr Grosso reports research support from the University of Catania Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale and University of Catania and grants from the Italian Ministry of Health outside the submitted work. Dr Guha reports grants from the the American Heart Association. Dr Gunasekera reports service as an assistant secretary for Sri Lanka College of Oncology outside the submitted work. Dr Gupta reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia outside the submitted work. Dr Haider reports research support from Ohio University and board service for the American Public Health Association outside the submitted work. Dr Herteliu reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation and Ministry of Labour and Social Justice, Romania outside the submitted work. Dr Hugo reports research support from CAPES Higher Education Improvement Coordination Brazil. Dr Kahrizi reports research support, grants, royalties/licenses, consulting fees, honoraria, expert testimony, patents (planned, issued, or pending), board service, and stock and stock options from Razi University outside the submitted work. Dr G. Khan reports membership with the UAE Ministry of Health National Immunization Task Advisory Group. Dr Koul reports research support from Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Dr La Vecchia reports grants or contracts from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro outside the submitted work. Dr Miller reports grants from AB InBev Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Odukoya reports grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr Pana reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submitted word. Dr Panagiotakos reports research support from the Hellenic Cardiology Society and Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society. Dr Sanabria reports research support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, patents with their institution and board service for the Department and Surgical Services Lines outside the submitted work. Dr Silva reports research support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil and CNPq. Dr Straif reports board service with the Collegium Ramazzini and ISEE Europe Chapter as an elected member and nonfinancial support from the International Agency for Research on Cancer outside the submitted work. Dr Volovici reports personal fees from JAMA Network Open. Dr Yazie reports research support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, and St. Baldrick’s Foundation. Dr Younis reports research support from Jackson State University. No other disclosures were reported.
References
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/