Disparities in oesophageal cancer risk by age, sex, and nativity in Kuwait:1980-2019

Saeed Akhtar 1, Ahmad Al-Shammari 2, Mohammad Al-Huraiti 3, Fouzan Al-Anjery 3, Salman Al-Sabah 4, Anjum Memon 5, Iqbal Siddique 6

Affiliations

31 March 2023

-

doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10770-0

Abstract

Background: This cross-sectional cohort study assessed the inequalities in oesophageal carcinoma risk by age, sex and nativity in Kuwait: 1980-2019.

Methods: Using oesophageal cancer incidence data from the Kuwait National Cancer Registry, relevant Kuwaiti population data and World Standard Population as a reference, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) (per 100,000 person-years) overall and by subcohorts were computed. The incident oesophageal cancer cases count was overdispersed with excessive structural zeros, therefore, it was analyzed using multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model.

Results: Overall ASIR of oesophageal cancer was 10.51 (95% CI: 6.62-14.41). The multivariable ZINB model showed that compared with the younger age category (< 30 years), the individuals in higher age groups showed a significant (p < 0.001) increasing tendency to develop the oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, compared with the non-Kuwaiti residents, the Kuwaiti nationals were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to develop oesophageal cancer during the study period. Moreover, compared with 1980-84 period, ASIRs steadily and significantly (p < 0.005) declined in subsequent periods till 2015-19.

Conclusions: A high incidence of oesophageal cancer was recorded in Kuwait, which consistently declined from 1980 to 2019. Older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) and, Kuwaiti nationals were at high risk of oesophageal cancer. Focused educational intervention may minimize oesophageal cancer incidence in high-risk groups in this and other similar settings. Future studies may contemplate to evaluate such an intervention.

Keywords: Age-standardized incidence rate; Incidence rate ratio; Kuwait; Oesophageal carcinoma; Zero-inflated negative-binomial model.

Figures

Fig. 1 Mean age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (per 100,000 person-years) (95% confidence intervals) of oesophageal carcinoma by age, sex, nativity and period in Kuwait:1980–2019. (Vertical bars represent mean ASIRs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for ASIRs).

Fig. 1 Mean age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (per 100,000 person-years) (95% confidence intervals) of oesophageal carcinoma by age, sex, nativity and period in Kuwait:1980–2019. (Vertical bars represent mean ASIRs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for ASIRs).

Fig. 2 Declining trends of age-standardized incidence rates of oesophageal cancer by sex and total population in Kuwait: 1980–2019

Fig. 2 Declining trends of age-standardized incidence rates of oesophageal cancer by sex and total population in Kuwait: 1980–2019

Similar articles

Evaluation of disparities in multiple sclerosis risk by age, sex, and nativity in Kuwait:1980-2019.

Akhtar S, Alroughani R.Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Jan;47:102676. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102676. Epub 2020 Dec 6.PMID: 33316627

Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence in Kuwait: 1980-2019.

Akhtar S, Al-Abkal J, Alroughani R.Neuroepidemiology. 2020;54(6):472-481. doi: 10.1159/000511205. Epub 2020 Nov 11.PMID: 33176327

Childhood leukaemia incidence and trends in a Middle Eastern country during 1980-2014: a population-based study.

Akhtar S, Al-Abkal J, Al-Shammari A.Cancer Causes Control. 2020 Mar;31(3):231-240. doi: 10.1007/s10552-020-01267-3. Epub 2020 Jan 20.PMID: 31960178

Incidence of hip fracture in Kuwait.

Memon A, Pospula WM, Tantawy AY, Abdul-Ghafar S, Suresh A, Al-Rowaih A.Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Oct;27(5):860-5. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.5.860.PMID: 9839744

Population-based study of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Kuwait.

Alshemmari S, Sajnani KP, Refaat S, Albassami A.Gulf J Oncolog. 2011 Jan;(9):20-6.PMID: 21177205

References

  1.  
    1. Survival Rates for Esophageal Cancer. [https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-stagi...
  2.  
    1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. - DOI - PubMed
  3.  
    1. Middleton DRS, Mmbaga BT, Menya D, Dzamalala C, Nyakunga-Maro G, Finch P, Mlombe Y, Schüz J, McCormack V. Alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell cancer risk in east Africa: findings from the large multicentre ESCCAPE case-control study in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi. Lancet Glob Health; 2021. - PMC - PubMed
  4.  
    1. Wong MCS, Hamilton W, Whiteman DC, Jiang JY, Qiao Y, Fung FDH, Wang HHX, Chiu PWY, Ng EKW, Wu JCY, et al. Global incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer and their correlation with socioeconomic indicators temporal patterns and trends in 41 countries. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4522. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19819-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  5.  
    1. Hur C, Miller M, Kong CY, Dowling EC, Nattinger KJ, Dunn M, Feuer EJ. Trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality. Cancer. 2013;119(6):1149–58. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27834. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  6.  
    1. Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD. Oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet. 2013;381(9864):400–12. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6. - DOI - PubMed
  7.  
    1. Lagergren J, Smyth E, Cunningham D, Lagergren P. Oesophageal cancer. Lancet. 2017;390(10110):2383–96. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31462-9. - DOI - PubMed
  8.  
    1. Smyth EC, Lagergren J, Fitzgerald RC, Lordick F, Shah MA, Lagergren P, Cunningham D. Oesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17048. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.48. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  9.  
    1. Fernandes ML, Seow A, Chan YH, Ho KY. Opposing trends in incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in a multi-ethnic asian country. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(7):1430–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00570.x. - DOI - PubMed
  10.  
    1. Rosemurgy A, Wilfong C, Craigg D, Co F, Sucandy I, Ross S. The Evolving Landscape of Esophageal Cancer: a four-decade analysis. Am Surg. 2019;85(9):944–8. doi: 10.1177/000313481908500933. - DOI - PubMed
  11.  
    1. Xie SH, Lagergren J. Time trends in the incidence of oesophageal cancer in Asia: variations across populations and histological types. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:71–6. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.08.002. - DOI - PubMed
  12.  
    1. Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez A, Murray C, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of Rates: a New WHO Standard. In. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
  13.  
    1. Arnold M, Ferlay J, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Soerjomataram I. Global burden of oesophageal and gastric cancer by histology and subsite in 2018. Gut. 2020;69(9):1564–71. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321600. - DOI - PubMed
  14.  
    1. Spatial temporal. Demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2337–60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  15.  
    1. Bosetti C, Levi F, Ferlay J, Garavello W, Lucchini F, Bertuccio P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in oesophageal cancer incidence and mortality in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(5):1118–29. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23232. - DOI - PubMed
  16.  
    1. Castro C, Bosetti C, Malvezzi M, Bertuccio P, Levi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Lunet N. Patterns and trends in esophageal cancer mortality and incidence in Europe (1980–2011) and predictions to 2015. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(1):283–90. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt486. - DOI - PubMed
  17.  
    1. Tse LA, Yu IT, Mang OW. Time trends of esophageal cancer in Hong Kong: age, period and birth cohort analyses. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(4):853–8. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22382. - DOI - PubMed
  18.  
    1. Gao X, Wang Z, Kong C, Yang F, Wang Y, Tan X. Trends of Esophageal Cancer Mortality in Rural China from 1989 to 2013: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.Int J Environ Res Public Health2017, 14(3). - PMC - PubMed
  19.  
    1. Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. 16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer. 2011;105(Suppl 2):77–81. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.489. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  20.  
    1. World Bank. : Macrotrends: Kuwait smoking rate 2000–2018. In.; 2023.

Page Navigation