Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model
Cristoforo Incorvaia 1, Mona Al-Ahmad 2 3, Ignacio J Ansotegui 4, Stefania Arasi 5, Claus Bachert 6 7 8, Catherine Bos 9, Jean Bousquet 10, Andrzéj Bozek 11, Davide Caimmi 12, Moises A Calderón 13, Thomas Casale 14, Adnan Custovic 15, Frédéric De Blay 16, Pascal Demoly 12 17, Philippe Devillier 18, Alain Didier 19, Alessandro Fiocchi 5, Adam T Fox 20, Philippe Gevaert 6, Maximiliano Gomez 21, Enrico Heffler 22 23, Natalia Ilina 24, Carla Irani 25, Marek Jutel 26, Efstrathios Karagiannis 9, Ludger Klimek 27, Piotr Kuna 28, Robin O'Hehir 29, Oxana Kurbacheva 30, Paolo M Matricardi 31, Mario Morais-Almeida 32 33, Ralph Mosges 34 35, Natalija Novak 36, Yoshitaka Okamoto 37, Petr Panzner 38, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos 39 40, Hae-Sim Park 41, Giovanni Passalacqua 42, Ruby Pawankar 43, Oliver Pfaar 44, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier 45, Silvia Scurati 9, Miguel Tortajada-Girbés 46 47 48, Carmen Vidal 49, J Christian Virchow 50, Ulrich Wahn 31, Margitta Worm 31, Petra Zieglmayer 51, Giorgio W Canonica 22 23
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Cardiac/Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ASST Pini/CTO, Milan, Italy.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
- Drug Allergy Unit, Department of Allergy, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Kuwait.
- Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Allergy, Bambino Gesu' Childrens' Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Dept, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stallergenes Greer Medical Affairs Department, Antony, France.
- University Hospital Montpellier, France - MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Department of Internal Disease, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Pulmonology and Addictology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
- Imperial College London - National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital NHS, London, UK.
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Allergy Division, Chest Diseases Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
- Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1136 INSERM, IPLESP, EPAR Team, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
- Respiratory Disease Dept, Larrey Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Allergy & Asthma Unit, Hospital San Bernardo Salta, Salta, Argentina.
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma & Allergy - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
- Federal Institute of Immunology of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Immunoallergy Department of CUF-Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
- CUF-Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CRI - Clinical Research International Ltd., Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children's Hospital "P&A Kyriakou", University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Policlino San Martino - University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain.
- Allergy Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
The introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single-allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross-reactive, pursuit of patient's treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic, and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi-genomics, metabolomics, and breathomics, to forecast patient's responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and to verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.
Keywords: allergen immunotherapy; molecular diagnosis; omics; personalized medicine; treatable
References
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/