Clinical pharmacy in Kuwait: Services provided, perceptions and barriers
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
- Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacy practice has considerably evolved from a dispensing role to a patient-centered profession. Kuwait has minimal clinical pharmacy services established in its healthcare settings.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to document existing clinical pharmacy services in public hospitals, identify barriers to their implementation and assess perceptions regarding pharmacists providing clinical services.
Material & method: A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires among a total of 166 pharmacists and 284 physicians across 6 public hospitals in Kuwait was conducted.
Results: Over half of pharmacists (54%) provided clinical services, with the most common service being education and drug information (86%). Forty percent (40%) of the pharmacists reported that clinical services offered were of their own initiative but most of them (71%) were not sure whether they would offer additional services in the future. The majority of physicians were receptive to an expanded patient-centered role of the pharmacist (97%), believed pharmacists add to patient clinical care (92%) and considered pharmacists members of the healthcare team (96%). Major barriers reported by pharmacists to implement clinical pharmacy services included lack of policy (49%), time (36%) and clinical skills (28%), which is similar to barriers reported by physicians.
Conclusion: Although clinical pharmacy is in its infancy in Kuwait, it is well perceived and requested by physicians. Major barriers must be addressed and in this context, having a national framework for pharmacy practice from Ministry of Health, supported by cutting edge education and a pro-active professional association would be key assets to evolve the practice in Kuwait.
Keywords: Barriers; Clinical pharmacy; Implementation; Kuwait; Perceptions; Services.
Figures
Similar articles
Katoue MG.J Eval Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;27(2):272-279. doi: 10.1111/jep.13450. Epub 2020 Sep 15.PMID: 32929812
Pharmaceutical care in Kuwait: hospital pharmacists' perspectives.
Katoue MG, Awad AI, Schwinghammer TL, Kombian SB.Int J Clin Pharm. 2014 Dec;36(6):1170-8. doi: 10.1007/s11096-014-0013-z. Epub 2014 Sep 10.PMID: 25204259
Katoue MG, Ker J.Int J Clin Pharm. 2019 Dec;41(6):1451-1461. doi: 10.1007/s11096-019-00904-5. Epub 2019 Sep 28.PMID: 31564042
Hazen ACM, de Bont AA, Boelman L, Zwart DLM, de Gier JJ, de Wit NJ, Bouvy ML.Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Mar;14(3):228-240. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 Apr 22.PMID: 28506574 Review.
Clinical services in community pharmacies: a scoping review of policy and social implications.
Campeau Calfat A, Duval C, Laberge M, Savard AM, Sirois C.Int J Pharm Pract. 2021 Mar 17;29(2):116-125. doi: 10.1093/ijpp/riaa007.PMID: 33729524 Review.
Cited by
Kandasamy G, Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M.Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jul 19;11(14):2060. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11142060.PMID: 37510500 Free PMC article.
Kilonzi M, Mutagonda RF, Mlyuka HJ, Mwakawanga DL, Mikomangwa WP, Kibanga WA, Marealle AI, Mallya B, Katabalo D, Sanga S, Kalokola F, Rwegasha J, Magambo R, Mmassy J, Kabissi S, Balati JA, Maduki P, OmaryMashikuMinzi, Kamuhabwa AAR.BMC Prim Care. 2023 Mar 17;24(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12875-023-02026-4.PMID: 36932338 Free PMC article.
Readiness and willingness of Malaysian community pharmacists in providing vaccination services.
Ang WC, Fadzil MS, Ishak FN, Adenan NN, Nik Mohamed MH.J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022 Nov 12;15(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s40545-022-00478-0.PMID: 36371271 Free PMC article.
Alrashed F, Almutairi N, Shehab M.Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Sep 21;10(10):1818. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10101818.PMID: 36292267 Free PMC article.
Dong PTX, Trinh HT, Nguyen DH, Nguyen ST, Pham VTT, Ngo HB, Hua S, Li SC, Nguyen HTL.BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 7;22(1):878. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08242-5.PMID: 35799184 Free PMC article.
KMEL References
References
-
- Aburuz S. Pharmaceutical care in a community-based practice setting in Jordan: where are we now with our attitudes and perceived barriers? Int. J. Pharm. Pract. 2012;20(2):71–79. - PubMed
-
- Al-Arifi M.N. Pharmacists' understanding and attitudes towards pharmaceutical care in Saudi Arabia. Saudi. Pharm. J. 2007;15(2):146–159.
-
- Al-Taweel Pharmacists’ contributions to the delivery of pharmaceutical care to patients with type 2 diabetes in Kuwait. Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries. 2014;34(2):108–115.
-
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), 2014. Standards of practice for clinical pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy, 34 (8), 794-797. - PubMed
-
- American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 2013. ASHP Statement on the Pharmacist’s Role in Medication Reconciliation. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 79, 453-456. - PubMed
-
- Awad A. Pharmaceutical care services in hospitals of Kuwait. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2006;9(2):149–157. - PubMed
-
- Bailie G.R., Romeo B. New York State primary care physicians' attitudes to community pharmacists' clinical services. Arch. Intern. Med. 1996;156(13):1437–1441. - PubMed
-
- Cruthirds D.L. Value of pharmacy services to the healthcare system: an interdisciplinary assessment. Int. J. Pharm. Pract. 2013;21(1):38–45. - PubMed
-
- Dunlop J.A., Shaw J.P. Community pharmacists' perspectives on pharmaceutical care implementation in New Zealand. Pharm. World. Sci. 2002;24(6):224–230. - PubMed
-
- Hepler C.D., Strand L.M. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1990;47(3):533–543. - PubMed
-
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), 2017. Transforming Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Education in the Context of Workforce Development. The Hague: International Pharmaceutical Federation; Accessed 17 August 2017.
-
- Katoue M.G. Pharmaceutical care in Kuwait: hospital pharmacists' perspectives. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. 2014;36(6):1170–1178. - PubMed
-
- Kuwait Clinical Pharmacy Network (KCPN). Retrieved from http://www.kucpn.net/; Accessed 3 September 2017.
-
- Lobas N.H. Satisfaction of physicians and nurses with clinical pharmacy services. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1991;48(6):1189–1190. - PubMed
-
- Matowe L. Physicians' perceptions and expectations of pharmacists' professional duties in government hospitals in Kuwait. Med. Princ. Pract. 2006;15(3):185–189. - PubMed
-
- Matowe L. Pharmacy in Kuwait. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2003;60(15):1591–1592. - PubMed
-
- Ministry of Health (MOH), 2013. Annual Health Report. Retrieved from Ministry of Health Kuwait.
-
- Ngorsuraches S., Li S.C. Thai pharmacists' understanding, attitudes, and perceived barriers related to providing pharmaceutical care. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2006;63(21):2144–2150. - PubMed
-
- Odedina F.T. The Pharmacists' Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care (PIPC) model. Pharm. Res. 1997;14(2):135–144. - PubMed
-
- Raosoft, I. (2004). Raosoft Sample Size Calculator; http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html; Accessed September 2016.
-
- Rosenthal M. Are pharmacists the ultimate barrier to pharmacy practice change? Can. Pharm. J. 2010;143(1):37–42.