Determinants, predictors and negative impacts of burnout among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic

Torki Al-Otaibi 1, Ahmad Abbas 1 2, Osama Ashry Gheith 1 3, Prasad Nair 1, Mohamed A Zahab 1, Mryhan A A Hammouda 4, Mahmoud M Farid 5 6, Reem M Aljowaie 7, Noorah A AlKubaisi 7, Eman Fouad Mohamed 8, Arshad Mehmood Abassi 9 10, Yasmine H Eisa 11

Affiliations

01 January 2023

-

doi: 0.1016/j.jksus.2022.102441

Abstract

The first defense line of the battle, healthcare workers (HCWs), faces a significant challenge in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. An online electronic survey was sent to HCWs via email and social media networks. Socio-demographic data and work environment-related variables were assessed. Consequences of burnout (BO) were reported, e.g., elicited medical errors. Maslach burnout inventory was used to diagnose BO. Two hundred and eighty-four participants were included with a mean age of 39.83 ± 7.34 years, 70.8% worked in the COVID-19 frontline, 91.9% were followed daily updates about COVID-19, 63.7% were not satisfied with the coordination between triage and isolation, 64.4% got COVID-19 infection, 91.9% had a colleague or family member developed COVID-19 infection, and 21.5% experienced a colleague /a family member died due to COVID-19. Multivariate analysis by linear regression revealed that; working as a frontline HCW (OR 1.28, CI = 0.14-2.55) and sleep deprivation (OR 3.93, CI = 1.88-8.22) were the predictors of burnout.

Keywords: Burnout; CI, Confidence interval; COVID-19; Maslach Inventory; Medical errors.

Figures

Fig. 1 Frequency of Burnout in the studied population.

Fig. 1 Frequency of Burnout in the studied population.

Fig. 2 Severity of BOS domains among participants with Burnout (n = 137).

Fig. 2 Severity of BOS domains among participants with Burnout (n = 137).

Fig. 3 Consequences of Burnout Syndrome.

Fig. 3 Consequences of Burnout Syndrome.

Similar articles

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China.

Zhang X, Wang J, Hao Y, Wu K, Jiao M, Liang L, Gao L, Ning N, Kang Z, Shan L, He W, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yin W.Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 16;12:680614. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.680614. eCollection 2021.PMID: 34484037 Free PMC article.

Prevalence and correlates of burnout among Lebanese health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey.

Youssef D, Abboud E, Abou-Abbas L, Hassan H, Youssef J.J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022 Dec 16;15(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s40545-022-00503-2.PMID: 36527056 Free PMC article.

Sleep Disturbances in Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Survey Study.

Stewart NH, Koza A, Dhaon S, Shoushtari C, Martinez M, Arora VM.J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 19;23(5):e27331. doi: 10.2196/27331.PMID: 33875414 Free PMC article.

Prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors - a scoping review.

Stodolska A, Wójcik G, Barańska I, Kijowska V, Szczerbińska K.Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023 Mar 2;36(1):21-58. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02007. Epub 2023 Feb 2.PMID: 36727492 Review.

Reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of emergency healthcare workers: A scoping review.

Alanazi TNM, McKenna L, Buck M, Alharbi RJ.Australas Emerg Care. 2022 Sep;25(3):197-212. doi: 10.1016/j.auec.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Nov 12.PMID: 34802977 Free PMC article. Review.

Cited by

Influencing factors of hospital-acquired COVID-19 prevention and control status among emergency support frontline healthcare workers under closed-loop management: a cross-sectional study.

Luo M, Xia G, Gan T, Zhao Z, Wu J, Hu T, Wang L, Zhang Y.Front Public Health. 2023 Jul 27;11:1209646. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1209646. eCollection 2023.PMID: 37575121 Free PMC article.

Causes of higher levels of stress among students in higher education who used eLearning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Robert Selvam D, Xavier S, Kasinathan P, Ahmad Wadaan M, Farooq Khan M, Santha Kumar David M.J King Saud Univ Sci. 2023 May;35(4):102653. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102653. Epub 2023 Mar 22.PMID: 36987441 Free PMC article.

KMEL References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

References

  1.  
    1. Abbas A., Ali A., Bahgat S.M., Shouman W. Prevalence, associated factors, and consequences of Burnout among ICU healthcare workers: An Egyptian experience. Egypt. J. Chest Dis. Tuberc. 2019;68(4):514–525.
  2.  
    1. Abbas A., Al-Otaibi T., Gheith O.A., Nagib A.M., Farid M.M., Walaa M. Sleep Quality Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Medical Errors: Kuwait Experience. Turk. Thorac. J. 2021;22(2):142–148. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2021.20245. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  3.  
    1. Abdelhafiz A.S., Ali A., Ziady H.H., Maaly A.M., Alorabi M., Sultan E.A. Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Consequences of Burnout Among Egyptian Physicians During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Pub. Health. 2020;8 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.590190. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  4.  
    1. Agha A., Mordy A., Anwar E., Saleh N., Rashid I., Saeed M. Burnout among middle-grade doctors of tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Work (Reading, Mass.) 2015;51(4):839–847. doi: 10.3233/WOR-141898. - DOI - PubMed
  5.  
    1. Albott C.S., Wozniak J.R., McGlinch B.P., Wall M.H., Gold B.S., Vinogradov S. Battle Buddies: Rapid Deployment of a Psychological Resilience Intervention for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Anesth. Analg. 2020;131(1):43–54. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004912. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  6.  
    1. Anon., 2019. Health workforce burn-out. Bull. World Health Organ. 97(9), 585–586. 10.2471/BLT.19.020919. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  7.  
    1. Baud D., Qi X., Nielsen-Saines K., Musso D., Pomar L., Favre G. Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020;20(7):773. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30195-X. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  8.  
    1. Bawakid K., Abdulrashid O., Mandoura N., Shah H., Ibrahim A., Akkad N.M., Mufti F. Burnout of Physicians Working in Primary Health Care Centers under Ministry of Health Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2017;9(11):e1877. - PMC - PubMed
  9.  
    1. Chemali Z., Ezzeddine F.L., Gelaye B., Dossett M.L., Salameh J., Bizri M., Dubale B., Fricchione G. Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the Middle East: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1337. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7713-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  10.  
    1. Chen R., Sun C., Chen J.J., Jen H.J., Kang X.L., Kao C.C., Chou K.R. A Large-Scale Survey on Trauma, Burnout, and Posttraumatic Growth among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs. 2021;30(1):102–116. doi: 10.1111/inm.12796. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  11.  
    1. Chirico F., Nucera G., Magnavita N. Protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency. B. J. Psych. Int. 2020:1–6.
  12.  
    1. Clough B.A., March S., Chan R.J., Casey L.M., Phillips R., Ireland M.J. (Psychosocial interventions for managing occupational stress and burnout among medical doctors: a systematic review. Syst. Rev. 2017;6(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0526-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  13.  
    1. Duarte I., Teixeira A., Castro L., Marina S., Ribeiro C., Jácome C., Martins V., Ribeiro-Vaz I., Pinheiro H.C., Silva A.R., Ricou M., Sousa B., Alves C., Oliveira A., Silva P., Nunes R., Serrão C. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  14.  
    1. Gheith O., Maher A., Abbas A., Emam M., Halim M.A., Eldein S.M., et al. Coronavirus 2019 pandemic and renal diseases: a review of the literature. J. Egypt. Soc. Nephrol. Transplant. 2020;20(4):191–203.
  15.  
    1. Lasalvia A., Amaddeo F., Porru S., Carta A., Tardivo S., Bovo C., Ruggeri M., Bonetto C. Levels of burn-out among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated factors: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of a highly burdened area of north-east Italy. BMJ Open. 2021;11(1):e045127. - PMC - PubMed
  16.  
    1. Lotfy S.M., Abbas A., Shouman W. Use of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study. Turk. Thorac. J. 2021;22(1):62–66. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2021.20180. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  17.  
    1. Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. 3rd ed. Consulting Psychologist Press; Palo Alto.; CA: 1996. Maslach Burnout Inventory manual.
  18.  
    1. Perlis R.H. Exercising Heart and Head in Managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan. JAMA Netw. Open. 2020;3(3):e204006. - PubMed
  19.  
    1. Rothenberger D.A. Physician Burnout and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Framework for Action. Dis. Colon Rectum. 2017;60(6):567–576. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000844. - DOI - PubMed
  20.  
    1. Sabbah I., Sabbah H., Sabbah S., Akoum H., Droubi N. Burnout among Lebanese nurses: psychometric properties of the Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey (MBI-HSS) Health. 2012;4:644–652.
  21.  
    1. Senni M. COVID-19 experience in Bergamo, Italy. Eur. Heart J. 2020;41(19):1783–1784. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa279. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  22.  
    1. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Indian J. Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–286. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  23.  
    1. Stier-Jarmer M., Frisch D., Oberhauser C., Berberich G., Schuh A. The Effectiveness of a Stress Reduction and Burnout Prevention Program. Deut. Arzt. Int. 2016;113(46):781–788. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0781. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  24.  
    1. Tsamakis K., Rizos E., Manolis A.J., Chaidou S., Kympouropoulos S., Spartalis E., Spandidos D.A., Tsiptsios D., Triantafyllis A.S. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals. Exp. Ther. Med. 2020;19(6):3451–3453. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8646. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  25.  
    1. Walton M., Murray E., Christian M.D. Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. 2020;9(3):241–247. doi: 10.1177/2048872620922795. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
  26.  
    1. Wu Y., Wang J., Luo C., Hu S., Lin X., Anderson A.E., Bruera E., Yang X., Wei S., Qian Y. A Comparison of Burnout Frequency Among Oncology Physicians and Nurses Working on the Frontline and Usual Wards During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 2020;60(1):e60–e65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.008. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Page Navigation