Schizophrenia psychopathology in a Kuwaiti Arab sample
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. zahid @ hsc.edu.kw
Abstract
Background: The heterogeneity of schizophrenia psychopathology has led to a search for symptom clusters that could be related to broad features of the disease. The objectives of the study were to: (1) highlight the pattern of symptoms among Kuwaiti subjects with schizophrenia, using the ICD-10 symptom checklist; (2) assess the factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 18 (BPRS-18) and BPRS-24, and (3) evaluate the relationship of the resulting factors with sociodemographic characteristics, age at onset of illness, family history of mental illness, objective indicators of quality of life, self-esteem, affect balance, family caregiver burden, patient's perceptions of service satisfaction and needs for care.
Method: Consecutive outpatients in stable condition were assessed with the BPRS and ICD-10 symptom checklist, as well as measures of quality of life, needs for care, service satisfaction and family caregiver burden.
Results: There were 130 patients (66.1% men, mean age = 36.8 years, age at onset of illness = 24.2 years, duration of illness = 12.9 years). Of the ICD-10 symptoms, the commonest positive symptoms were hallucinations (58.5%) and delusions (72%). Catatonic symptoms were rare (2.9%). About a quarter of the subjects experienced 4 of the negative symptoms. In exploratory factor analysis, we broadly replicated the known syndromes for BPRS-24 (disorganization, positive, activation, manic, negative and depression) and BPRS-18 (negative, positive, activation and affect). In regression analyses, the variables independently associated with psychopathology were family income, negative affect, self-esteem, duration of illness, age, lack of money for enjoyment, met needs for care and caregiver tension. The negative syndrome had more significant associations with the variables investigated than the positive syndrome. Psychopathological scores were separable from indices of psychological well-being.
Conclusion: In this first study of schizophrenia psychopathology from the Arab world, the clinical manifestations were similar to the data from the developed countries. The persistence of psychotic symptoms despite freely available antipsychotic treatment and the impact on caregiver burden call for attention to the perennial issue of treatment resistance and underscore the need for continued interaction with family members after the acute inpatient phase of treatment, in order to address the impact of symptoms.
Similar articles
Exploring the burden of the primary family caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Taiwan.
Hou SY, Ke CL, Su YC, Lung FW, Huang CJ.Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Oct;62(5):508-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01843.x.PMID: 18950369
Correlates of quality of life in an Arab schizophrenia sample.
Zahid MA, Ohaeri JU, Elshazly AS, Basiouny MA, Hamoda HM, Varghese R.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010 Sep;45(9):875-87. doi: 10.1007/s00127-009-0131-4. Epub 2009 Sep 2.PMID: 19727531
Bengtsson-Tops A, Brunt D, Rask M.Scand J Caring Sci. 2005 Sep;19(3):280-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2005.00342.x.PMID: 16101857
[Caregiver burden in relatives of persons with schizophrenia: an overview of measure instruments].
Reine G, Lancon C, Simeoni MC, Duplan S, Auquier P.Encephale. 2003 Mar-Apr;29(2):137-47.PMID: 14567165 Review. French.
[Memory, memories: exploration of autobiographical memory in schizophrenia].
Vidailhet P, Cuervo-Lombard Ch.Encephale. 2007 Jun;33 Pt 3:S365-8. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(07)74582-7.PMID: 19101351 Review. French. No abstract available.
Cited by
Onu JU, Ohaeri JU.Afr Health Sci. 2020 Jun;20(2):697-708. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.21.PMID: 33163034 Free PMC article.
Zhu Y, Womer FY, Leng H, Chang M, Yin Z, Wei Y, Zhou Q, Fu S, Deng X, Lv J, Song Y, Ma Y, Sun X, Bao J, Wei S, Jiang X, Tan S, Tang Y, Wang F.Front Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 26;10:253. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00253. eCollection 2019.PMID: 31105603 Free PMC article.
Solmi M, Pigato GG, Roiter B, Guaglianone A, Martini L, Fornaro M, Monaco F, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B, Veronese N, Correll CU.Schizophr Bull. 2018 Aug 20;44(5):1133-1150. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx157.PMID: 29140521 Free PMC article. Review.
Mental illness research in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a scoping review.
Hickey JE, Pryjmachuk S, Waterman H.Health Res Policy Syst. 2016 Aug 4;14(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12961-016-0123-2.PMID: 27492156 Free PMC article. Review.
Zahid MA, Ohaeri JU.BMC Psychiatry. 2010 Sep 10;10:71. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-71.PMID: 20831806 Free PMC article.