The prevalence of feeding and eating disorders symptomology in medical students: an updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Feten Fekih-Romdhane 1 2, Suhad Daher-Nashif 3, Amthal H Alhuwailah 4, Haifa Mohammed Saleh Al Gahtani 5, Suad Abdulla Hubail 6, Hanaa Ahmed Mohamed Shuwiekh 7, Mina Fattah Khudhair 5, Omar A Alhaj 8, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi 9, Haitham Jahrami 5

Affiliations

01 August 2022

-

doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01351-w

Abstract

Purpose: Medical students have a higher risk of developing psychological issues, such as feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). In the past few years, a major increase was observed in the number of studies on the topic. The goal of this review was to estimate the prevalence risk of FEDs and its associated risk factors in medical students.

Methods: Nine electronic databases were used to conduct an electronic search from the inception of the databases until 15th September 2021. The DerSimonian-Laird technique was used to pool the estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. The prevalence of FEDs risk in medical students was the major outcome of interest. Data were analyzed globally, by country, by research measure and by culture. Sex, age, and body mass index were examined as potential confounders using meta-regression analysis.

Results: A random-effects meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence of FEDs in medical students (K = 35, N = 21,383) generated a pooled prevalence rate of 17.35% (95% CI 14.15-21.10%), heterogeneity [Q = 1528 (34), P = 0.001], τ2 = 0.51 (95% CI 0.36-1.05), τ = 0.71 (95% CI 0.59-1.02), I2 = 97.8%; H = 6.70 (95% CI 6.19-7.26). Age and sex were not significant predictors. Body mass index, culture and used research tool were significant confounders.

Conclusion: The prevalence of FEDs symptoms in medical students was estimated to be 17.35%. Future prospective studies are urgently needed to construct prevention and treatment programs to provide better outcomes for students at risk of or suffering from FEDs.

Level of evidence: Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Keywords: Body image; Body mass index; Eating disorders; Feeding and eating disorders; Medical students.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1 PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for study selection

Fig. 1 PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for study selection

Fig. 2 Traffic light plot of included studies

Fig. 2 Traffic light plot of included studies

Fig. 3 Summary plot of the assessment of risk of bias

Fig. 3 Summary plot of the assessment of risk of bias

Fig. 4 Meta-analysis of FEDs symptoms in medical students

Fig. 4 Meta-analysis of FEDs symptoms in medical students

Fig. 5 Drapery plots of FEDs symptoms in medical students

Fig. 5 Drapery plots of FEDs symptoms in medical students

Fig. 6 Funnel plot of FEDs symptoms in medical students

Fig. 6 Funnel plot of FEDs symptoms in medical students

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