Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration; Jonathan M Kocarnik 1, Kelly Compton 1, Frances E Dean 1, Weijia Fu 1, Brian L Gaw 1, James D Harvey 1, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson 2 3, Dan Lu 1, Alyssa Pennini 1, Rixing Xu 1, Emad Ababneh 4, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari 5, Hedayat Abbastabar 6, Sherief M Abd-Elsalam 7, Amir Abdoli 8, Aidin Abedi 9, Hassan Abidi 10, Hassan Abolhassani 11 12, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji 13, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani 14 15, Shailesh M Advani 16 17, Muhammad Sohail Afzal 18, Mohammad Aghaali 19, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah 20, Sajjad Ahmad 21, Tauseef Ahmad 22, Ali Ahmadi 23 24, Sepideh Ahmadi 25, Tarik Ahmed Rashid 26, Yusra Ahmed Salih 27 28, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu 29 30, Addis Aklilu 31, Tayyaba Akram 32, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna 33 34, Hanadi Al Hamad 35 36, Fares Alahdab 37, Ziyad Al-Aly 38 39, Saqib Ali 40, Yousef Alimohamadi 41 42, Vahid Alipour 43 44, Syed Mohamed Aljunid 45 46, Motasem Alkhayyat 47, Amir Almasi-Hashiani 48, Nihad A Almasri 49, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri 50 51, Sami Almustanyir 52 53, Nivaldo Alonso 54, Nelson Alvis-Guzman 55 56, Hubert Amu 57, Etsay Woldu Anbesu 58, Robert Ancuceanu 59, Fereshteh Ansari 60 61, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam 62, Maxwell Hubert Antwi 63 64, Davood Anvari 65 66, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor 67, Muhammad Aqeel 68, Jalal Arabloo 43, Morteza Arab-Zozani 69, Olatunde Aremu 70, Hany Ariffin 71 72, Timur Aripov 73 74, Muhammad Arshad 75, Al Artaman 76, Judie Arulappan 77, Zatollah Asemi 78, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi 79 80, Tahira Ashraf 81, Prince Atorkey 82 83, Avinash Aujayeb 84, Marcel Ausloos 85 86, Atalel Fentahun Awedew 87, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla 88 89, Temesgen Ayenew 90, Mohammed A Azab 91, Sina Azadnajafabad 92, Amirhossein Azari Jafari 93, Ghasem Azarian 94, Ahmed Y Azzam 95, Ashish D Badiye 96, Saeed Bahadory 97 98, Atif Amin Baig 99, Jennifer L Baker 100, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan 101, Maciej Banach 102 103, Till Winfried Bärnighausen 104 105, Francesco Barone-Adesi 106, Fabio Barra 107, Amadou Barrow 108 109, Masoud Behzadifar 110, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi 111, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe 112 113, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih 114 115, Devidas S Bhagat 116, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula 117 118, Nikha Bhardwaj 119, Pankaj Bhardwaj 120 121, Sonu Bhaskar 122 123, Krittika Bhattacharyya 124 125, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja 126, Sadia Bibi 127, Ali Bijani 128, Antonio Biondi 129, Catherine Bisignano 1, Tone Bjørge 130 131, Archie Bleyer 132 133, Oleg Blyuss 134 135, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa 136, Srinivasa Rao Bolla 137, Dejana Braithwaite 138 139, Amanpreet Brar 140, Hermann Brenner 141, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira 142, Nadeem Shafique Butt 143, Zahid A Butt 144 145, Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos 146, Yin Cao 147, Giulia Carreras 148, Ferrán Catalá-López 149 150, Francieli Cembranel 151, Ester Cerin 152 153, Achille Cernigliaro 154, Raja Chandra Chakinala 155, Soosanna Kumary Chattu 156, Vijay Kumar Chattu 157 158, Pankaj Chaturvedi 159 160, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir 161, Daniel Youngwhan Cho 162, Devasahayam J Christopher 163, Dinh-Toi Chu 164, Michael T Chung 165, Joao Conde 166, Sanda Cortés 167 168, Paolo Angelo Cortesi 169, Vera Marisa Costa 170, Amanda Ramos Cunha 171, Omid Dadras 172 173, Amare Belachew Dagnew 174, Saad M A Dahlawi 175, Xiaochen Dai 1 176, Lalit Dandona 1 177 178, Rakhi Dandona 1 176 177, Aso Mohammad Darwesh 179, José das Neves 180 181, Fernando Pio De la Hoz 182, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis 183 184, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez 185, Deepak Dhamnetiya 186, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal 187 188, Meghnath Dhimal 189, Mostafa Dianatinasab 190 191, Daniel Diaz 192 193, Shirin Djalalinia 194, Huyen Phuc Do 195, Saeid Doaei 196 197, Fariba Dorostkar 198, Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo 199, Tim Robert Driscoll 200, Hedyeh Ebrahimi 201 202, Sahar Eftekharzadeh 203, Maha El Tantawi 204, Hassan El-Abid 205, Iffat Elbarazi 118, Hala Rashad Elhabashy 206, Muhammed Elhadi 207, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary 208, Babak Eshrati 209, Sharareh Eskandarieh 210, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh 211, Arash Etemadi 212, Sayeh Ezzikouri 213, Mohammed Faisaluddin 214, Emerito Jose A Faraon 215, Jawad Fares 216, Farshad Farzadfar 201, Abdullah Hamid Feroze 217 218, Simone Ferrero 219, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri 220, Irina Filip 221 222, Florian Fischer 223, James L Fisher 224, Masoud Foroutan 225 226, Takeshi Fukumoto 227, Peter Andras Gaal 228 229, Mohamed M Gad 230 231, Muktar A Gadanya 232 233, Silvano Gallus 234, Mariana Gaspar Fonseca 235, Abera Getachew Obsa 236, Mansour Ghafourifard 237, Ahmad Ghashghaee 43 238, Nermin Ghith 239, Maryam Gholamalizadeh 240, Syed Amir Gilani 241 242, Themba G Ginindza 243, Abraham Tamirat T Gizaw 244, James C Glasbey 245, Mahaveer Golechha 246, Pouya Goleij 247, Ricardo Santiago Gomez 248, Sameer Vali Gopalani 249 250, Giuseppe Gorini 251, Houman Goudarzi 252 253, Giuseppe Grosso 254, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari 255, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra 142, Avirup Guha 256 257, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera 258, Bhawna Gupta 259, Veer Bala Gupta 260, Vivek Kumar Gupta 261, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez 262, Nima Hafezi-Nejad 263 264, Mohammad Rifat Haider 265, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian 266 267, Rabih Halwani 268 269, Randah R Hamadeh 270, Sajid Hameed 271, Samer Hamidi 272, Asif Hanif 271, Shafiul Haque 273, Netanja I Harlianto 274 275, Josep Maria Haro 276 277, Ahmed I Hasaballah 278, Soheil Hassanipour 279 280, Roderick J Hay 281 282, Simon I Hay 1 176, Khezar Hayat 283 284, Golnaz Heidari 285, Mohammad Heidari 286, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna 287, Claudiu Herteliu 86 288, Kamal Hezam 289 290, Ramesh Holla 291, Md Mahbub Hossain 292 293, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain 294, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini 295, Mostafa Hosseini 42 296, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh 297 298, Mihaela Hostiuc 299, Sorin Hostiuc 300 301, Mowafa Househ 302, Mohamed Hsairi 303, Junjie Huang 304, Fernando N Hugo 305, Rabia Hussain 306, Nawfal R Hussein 307, Bing-Fang Hwang 308, Ivo Iavicoli 309, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye 310, Fidelia Ida 311, Kevin S Ikuta 1 312, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi 313 314, Irena M Ilic 315, Milena D Ilic 316, Lalu Muhammad Irham 317 318, Jessica Y Islam 319, Rakibul M Islam 320, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam 321 322, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail 323, Gaetano Isola 324, Masao Iwagami 325 326, Louis Jacob 327 328, Vardhmaan Jain 47, Mihajlo B Jakovljevic 329 330, Tahereh Javaheri 331, Shubha Jayaram 332, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri 333, Ravi Prakash Jha 186 334, Jost B Jonas 335 336, Tamas Joo 228, Nitin Joseph 337, Farahnaz Joukar 279 280, Mikk Jürisson 338, Ali Kabir 339, Danial Kahrizi 340, Leila R Kalankesh 341, Rohollah Kalhor 342 343, Feroze Kaliyadan 344, Yogeshwar Kalkonde 345, Ashwin Kamath 291 346, Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi 347, Himal Kandel 348 349, Neeti Kapoor 96, André Karch 350, Ayele Semachew Kasa 351, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi 352, Joonas H Kauppila 353 354, Taras Kavetskyy 355 356, Sewnet Adem Kebede 357, Pedram Keshavarz 358 359, Mohammad Keykhaei 201 360, Yousef Saleh Khader 361, Rovshan Khalilov 362 363, Gulfaraz Khan 364, Maseer Khan 365, Md Nuruzzaman Khan 366, Moien A B Khan 367 368, Young-Ho Khang 369 370, Amir M Khater 371, Maryam Khayamzadeh 372 373, Gyu Ri Kim 374, Yun Jin Kim 375, Adnan Kisa 376 377, Sezer Kisa 378, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek 379, Jacek A Kopec 380 381, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran 382, Parvaiz A Koul 383, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana 384, Ai Koyanagi 385 386, Burcu Kucuk Bicer 387, Nuworza Kugbey 388, G Anil Kumar 177, Narinder Kumar 389, Nithin Kumar 337, Om P Kurmi 390 391, Tezer Kutluk 392, Carlo La Vecchia 393, Faris Hasan Lami 394, Iván Landires 395 396, Paolo Lauriola 397, Sang-Woong Lee 398, Shaun Wen Huey Lee 399 400, Wei-Chen Lee 401, Yo Han Lee 402, James Leigh 403, Elvynna Leong 404, Jiarui Li 405, Ming-Chieh Li 406, Xuefeng Liu 407 408, Joana A Loureiro 409 410, Raimundas Lunevicius 411 412, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek 413, Azeem Majeed 414, Alaa Makki 415, Shilpa Male 416, Ahmad Azam Malik 271 417, Mohammad Ali Mansournia 42, Santi Martini 418 419, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi 420, Prashant Mathur 421, Martin McKee 422, Ravi Mehrotra 423, Walter Mendoza 424, Ritesh G Menezes 425, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha 426, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah 427, Tomislav Mestrovic 428 429, Junmei Miao Jonasson 430, Bartosz Miazgowski 431 432, Tomasz Miazgowski 433, Irmina Maria Michalek 434, Ted R Miller 435 436, Hamed Mirzaei 78, Hamid Reza Mirzaei 437, Sanjeev Misra 438, Prasanna Mithra 337, Masoud Moghadaszadeh 439 440, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad 441, Yousef Mohammad 442, Mokhtar Mohammadi 443, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi 444, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani 23, Shafiu Mohammed 445 446, Nagabhishek Moka 447 448, Ali H Mokdad 1 176, Mariam Molokhia 449, Lorenzo Monasta 450, Mohammad Ali Moni 451, Mohammad Amin Moosavi 452, Yousef Moradi 453, Paula Moraga 454, Joana Morgado-da-Costa 455, Shane Douglas Morrison 456, Abbas Mosapour 457 458, Sumaira Mubarik 459, Lillian Mwanri 460, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan 461 462, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju 463, Chie Nagata 464, Mukhammad David Naimzada 465 466, Vinay Nangia 467, Atta Abbas Naqvi 468 469, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy 470, Rawlance Ndejjo 471, Sabina O Nduaguba 472, Ionut Negoi 473 474, Serban Mircea Negru 475, Sandhya Neupane Kandel 476, Cuong Tat Nguyen 477, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen 477, Robina Khan Niazi 478, Chukwudi A Nnaji 479 480, Nurulamin M Noor 481 482, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio 483 484, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam 485, Bogdan Oancea 486, Chimedsuren Ochir 487 488, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya 489 490, Felix Akpojene Ogbo 491, Andrew T Olagunju 492 493, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde 494, Emad Omar 495, Ahmed Omar Bali 496, Abidemi E Emmanuel Omonisi 497 498, Sokking Ong 499 500, Obinna E Onwujekwe 501, Hans Orru 338 502, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano 503, Nikita Otstavnov 465, Stanislav S Otstavnov 465 504, Mayowa O Owolabi 505 506, Mahesh P A 507, Jagadish Rao Padubidri 291, Keyvan Pakshir 508, Adrian Pana 86 509, Demosthenes Panagiotakos 510, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas 335, Shahina Pardhan 511, Eun-Cheol Park 374 512, Eun-Kee Park 513, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan 514, Harsh K Patel 515, Jenil R Patel 516 517, Siddhartha Pati 518 519, Sanjay M Pattanshetty 520, Uttam Paudel 521 522, David M Pereira 523, Renato B Pereira 524, Arokiasamy Perianayagam 525, Julian David Pillay 526, Saeed Pirouzpanah 527, Farhad Pishgar 201 528, Indrashis Podder 529, Maarten J Postma 530 531, Hadi Pourjafar 532 533, Akila Prashant 534, Liliana Preotescu 535 536, Mohammad Rabiee 537, Navid Rabiee 538, Amir Radfar 539, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan 540, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan 541, Ata Rafiee 542, Fakher Rahim 543, Shadi Rahimzadeh 544, Mosiur Rahman 545, Muhammad Aziz Rahman 546 547, Amir Masoud Rahmani 548, Nazanin Rajai 549, Aashish Rajesh 550, Ivo Rakovac 551, Pradhum Ram 552, Kiana Ramezanzadeh 266, Kamal Ranabhat 553 554, Priyanga Ranasinghe 555, Chythra R Rao 556, Sowmya J Rao 557, Reza Rawassizadeh 558, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia 559 560, Andre M N Renzaho 561 562, Negar Rezaei 201 563, Nima Rezaei 12 564, Aziz Rezapour 43, Thomas J Roberts 565, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez 566, Peter Rohloff 567 568, Michele Romoli 569, Luca Ronfani 450, Gholamreza Roshandel 570, Godfrey M Rwegerera 571, Manjula S 572, Siamak Sabour 24, Basema Saddik 573, Umar Saeed 574 575, Amirhossein Sahebkar 576 577, Harihar Sahoo 525, Sana Salehi 578, Marwa Rashad Salem 579, Hamideh Salimzadeh 580, Mehrnoosh Samaei 581, Abdallah M Samy 582, Juan Sanabria 583 584, Senthilkumar Sankararaman 585 586, Milena M Santric-Milicevic 315 587, Yaeesh Sardiwalla 588, Arash Sarveazad 589, Brijesh Sathian 35 590, Monika Sawhney 591, Mete Saylan 592, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider 593, Mario Sekerija 594 595, Allen Seylani 596, Omid Shafaat 263 597, Zahra Shaghaghi 598, Masood Ali Shaikh 599, Erfan Shamsoddin 600 601, Mohammed Shannawaz 602, Rajesh Sharma 603, Aziz Sheikh 604 605, Sara Sheikhbahaei 263, Adithi Shetty 606, Jeevan K Shetty 607, Pavanchand H Shetty 608, Kenji Shibuya 609, Reza Shirkoohi 610 611, K M Shivakumar 612, Velizar Shivarov 613 614, Soraya Siabani 615 616, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa 617, Diego Augusto Santos Silva 618, Jasvinder A Singh 619 620, Yitagesu Sintayehu 621, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin 622, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina 623, Matthew J Soeberg 624, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi 600 625, Houman Sotoudeh 626, Paschalis Steiropoulos 627, Kurt Straif 628 629, Ranjeeta Subedi 630, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan 631, Iyad Sultan 632 633, Saima Sultana 634, Daniel Sur 635 636, Viktória Szerencsés 228, Miklós Szócska 637, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos 638 639, Takahiro Tabuchi 640, Hooman Tadbiri 641, Amir Taherkhani 642, Ken Takahashi 624, Iman M Talaat 268 643, Ker-Kan Tan 644, Vivian Y Tat 645, Bemnet Amare A Tedla 646 647, Yonas Getaye Tefera 648, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi 209 649, Mohamad-Hani Temsah 650, Fisaha Haile Tesfay 651 652, Gizachew Assefa Tessema 436 653, Rekha Thapar 337, Aravind Thavamani 585 654, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar 655, Nihal Thomas 656, Hamid Reza Tohidinik 657, Mathilde Touvier 658 659, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone 660 661, Eugenio Traini 450 662, Bach Xuan Tran 663, Khanh Bao Tran 664 665, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran 666 667, Jaya Prasad Tripathy 668, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa 669, Irfan Ullah 670 671, Saif Ullah 127, Krishna Kishore Umapathi 672, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan 673, Era Upadhyay 674, Marco Vacante 129, Maryam Vaezi 675 676, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz 677 678, Diana Zuleika Velazquez 193, Massimiliano Veroux 679, Francesco S Violante 680 681, Vasily Vlassov 682, Bay Vo 683, Victor Volovici 684 685, Giang Thu Vu 195, Yasir Waheed 21, Richard G Wamai 686 687, Paul Ward 688, Yi Feng Wen 689, Ronny Westerman 690, Andrea Sylvia Winkler 691 692, Lalit Yadav 693 694, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari 677, Lin Yang 695 696, Sanni Yaya 697 698, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie 699, Yigizie Yeshaw 700, Naohiro Yonemoto 701 702, Mustafa Z Younis 703 704, Zabihollah Yousefi 705, Chuanhua Yu 459, Deniz Yuce 706, Ismaeel Yunusa 707, Vesna Zadnik 708, Fariba Zare 709, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin 710 711, Anasthasia Zastrozhina 712, Jianrong Zhang 713 714, Chenwen Zhong 304, Linghui Zhou 715, Cong Zhu 716, Arash Ziapour 615, Ivan R Zimmermann 717, Christina Fitzmaurice 1 718, Christopher J L Murray 1 176, Lisa M Force 1 176 719
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 2Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 3Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 4Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 5Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 6Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 7Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
- 8Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
- 9Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
- 10Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran.
- 11Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
- 12Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 13Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
- 14Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia.
- 15Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- 16Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California.
- 17School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
- 18Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 19Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- 20The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 21Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 22Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- 23Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- 24Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 25School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 26Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq.
- 27Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- 28College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- 29Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- 30Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- 31Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
- 32School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- 33Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria.
- 34Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria.
- 35Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- 36Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- 37Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota.
- 38John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
- 39Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri.
- 40Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
- 41Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 42Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 43Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 44Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 45Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
- 46International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.
- 47Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 48Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- 49Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
- 50College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- 51Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
- 52College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 53Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 54Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 55Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- 56Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
- 57Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
- 58Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
- 59Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- 60Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 61Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
- 62Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- 63Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana.
- 64Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- 65Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- 66Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
- 67School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.
- 68Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan.
- 69Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- 70Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England.
- 71Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 72University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 73Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
- 74Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 75Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan.
- 76Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- 77Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
- 78Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- 79Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 80Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- 81Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 82School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
- 83Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
- 84Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
- 85School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England.
- 86Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
- 87Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- 88The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 89San Martin de Porres University, Lima, Peru.
- 90Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
- 91Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 92Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
- 93School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- 94Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- 95Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
- 96Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India.
- 97Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- 98Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- 99Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
- 100Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- 101Department of Medical Microbiology, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
- 102Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- 103Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
- 104Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 105T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 106Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
- 107Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- 108Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of the Gambia, Brikama, The Gambia.
- 109Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, The Gambia.
- 110Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- 111Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India.
- 112University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Victoria, Australia.
- 113Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- 114Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- 115One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
- 116Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India.
- 117Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic.
- 118Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- 119Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India.
- 120Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
- 121School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
- 122Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, New South Wales Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 123Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 124Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.
- 125Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
- 126Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia.
- 127Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- 128Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- 129Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 130Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 131Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
- 132Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.
- 133McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston.
- 134School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England.
- 135Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, England.
- 136Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- 137Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan.
- 138Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- 139Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville.
- 140Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- 141Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 142Department of Public Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
- 143Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 144School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- 145Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
- 146Institute of Microengineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- 147Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
- 148Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy.
- 149National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- 150Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- 151Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- 152Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 153School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- 154Regional Epidemiological Observatory Department, Sicilian Regional Health Authority, Palermo, Italy.
- 155Hospitalist Department, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania.
- 156Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana.
- 157Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- 158Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- 159Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India.
- 160Department of Head Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
- 161Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- 162Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 163Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India.
- 164Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 165Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
- 166Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 167Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- 168Research Line in Environmental Exposures and Health Effects at Population Level, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Santiago, Chile.
- 169School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- 170Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 171Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- 172School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
- 173Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- 174Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- 175Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- 176Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 177Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
- 178Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
- 179Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- 180Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 181Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 182Department of Public Health, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
- 183Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
- 184School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- 185Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
- 186Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India.
- 187Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 188Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 189Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 190Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- 191Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 192Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 193Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico.
- 194Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
- 195Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 196School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 197Department of Community Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 198Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 199Epidemiology and Data Analysis Laboratory, University Center Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.
- 200Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 201Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 202Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 203Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 204Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- 205Direction de L'épidémiologie et la Lutte Contre les Maladies, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco.
- 206Neurophysiology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 207Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
- 208Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 209Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 210Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 211Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
- 212Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
- 213Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
- 214Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York.
- 215Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
- 216Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
- 217Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 218Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
- 219Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- 220University Eye Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- 221Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California.
- 222School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona.
- 223Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany.
- 224James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus.
- 225Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
- 226Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
- 227Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
- 228Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- 229Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania.
- 230Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 231Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
- 232Community Medicine Department, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
- 233Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
- 234Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
- 235National Health Service, London, England.
- 236School of Psychology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- 237Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 238Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 239Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 240Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 241Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 242Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 243Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- 244Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- 245National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
- 246Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.
- 247Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
- 248Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- 249Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
- 250Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia.
- 251Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy.
- 252Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- 253Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- 254Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 255Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
- 256Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 257Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus.
- 258Department of Paediatrics, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.
- 259Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 260School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- 261Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 262Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 263Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
- 264School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 265Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens.
- 266Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 267Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 268Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- 269College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- 270Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
- 271University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 272School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- 273Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
- 274Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 275Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 276Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- 277Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Barcelona, Spain.
- 278Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 279Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 280Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 281International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England.
- 282St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England.
- 283Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
- 284Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China.
- 285Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, California.
- 286Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- 287Departamento de Salud Oral, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.
- 288School of Business, London South Bank University, London, England.
- 289Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
- 290Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- 291Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 292Social and Environmental Health Research, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh.
- 293Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station.
- 294Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 295Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 296Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 297Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- 298Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- 299Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- 300Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- 301Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.
- 302College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- 303Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
- 304Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- 305Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- 306School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- 307Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
- 308Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- 309Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- 310Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- 311Pharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 312Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 313Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- 314Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- 315Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 316Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- 317School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 318Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- 319H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- 320Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 321Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
- 322Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 323Department of Clinical Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia.
- 324Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 325Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- 326Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
- 327Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- 328Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
- 329Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan.
- 330Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
- 331Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 332Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India.
- 333Urology Department, University of Florida, Jacksonville.
- 334Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
- 335Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 336Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China.
- 337Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
- 338Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- 339Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 340Department of Genetics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- 341School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 342Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- 343Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- 344Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
- 345Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India.
- 346Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 347Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Hewler, Iraq.
- 348Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 349Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 350Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- 351Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- 352Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
- 353Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- 354Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 355Department of Surface Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
- 356Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine.
- 357Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands.
- 358School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- 359Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, New Hospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- 360Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 361Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
- 362Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- 363Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.
- 364Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- 365Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
- 366Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
- 367Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- 368Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, England.
- 369Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 370Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 371National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 372Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 373The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 374Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 375School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.
- 376School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.
- 377Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
- 378Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- 379Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- 380School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- 381Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.
- 382Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
- 383Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
- 384Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India.
- 385Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- 386Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
- 387Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
- 388University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.
- 389Department of Orthopaedics, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, India.
- 390Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England.
- 391Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- 392Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- 393Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- 394Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
- 395Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama.
- 396Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama.
- 397Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
- 398Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
- 399School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
- 400School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
- 401Office of Health Policy & Legislative Affairs, University of Texas, Galveston.
- 402Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon-si, South Korea.
- 403Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 404Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- 405Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- 406Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 407Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 408Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 409Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 410School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.
- 411Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England.
- 412Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
- 413Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health and Population, Aswan, Egypt.
- 414Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England.
- 415Mass Communication Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- 416Department of Ophthalmology, M M Joshi Eye Institute, Hubli, India.
- 417Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 418Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 419Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 420Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- 421National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India.
- 422Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
- 423India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
- 424Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru.
- 425Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- 426Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- 427Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
- 428Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozic", Zagreb, Croatia.
- 429University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia.
- 430School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 431Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
- 432Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
- 433Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
- 434Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- 435Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland.
- 436School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
- 437Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 438Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
- 439Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 440Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 441Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
- 442Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 443Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq.
- 444Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- 445Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- 446Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- 447Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky.
- 448Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
- 449Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England.
- 450Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
- 451Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh.
- 452Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
- 453Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- 454Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- 455University Hospital Center of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 456Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor.
- 457Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- 458Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- 459Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- 460College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 461Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.
- 462Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India.
- 463Department of Nephrology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 464Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- 465Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
- 466Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
- 467Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India.
- 468Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- 469Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Science, Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- 470Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India.
- 471Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- 472Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- 473Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- 474Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 475Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
- 476Estia Health Blakehurst, Estia Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 477Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 478International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 479South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 480School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 481Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England.
- 482Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England.
- 483Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama.
- 484Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama.
- 485Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
- 486Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 487Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
- 488Advisory Board, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
- 489Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria.
- 490Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
- 491Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 492Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- 493Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
- 494Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria.
- 495Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- 496Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
- 497Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
- 498Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
- 499Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- 500Early Detection and Cancer Prevention Services, Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- 501Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
- 502Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
- 503Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
- 504Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
- 505Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- 506Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- 507Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India.
- 508Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 509Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania.
- 510Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
- 511Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England.
- 512Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 513Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea.
- 514Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 515Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
- 516Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas.
- 517Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
- 518Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India.
- 519Research Division, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Balasore, India.
- 520Department of Health Policy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 521Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 522Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 523Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 524Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- 525Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
- 526Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
- 527Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 528Urooncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 529Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India.
- 530University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
- 531School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
- 532Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
- 533Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- 534Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India.
- 535National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania.
- 536Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- 537Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- 538Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- 539College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando.
- 540Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 541Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India.
- 542Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- 543Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 544Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England.
- 545Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
- 546School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia.
- 547School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 548Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan.
- 549Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 550Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio.
- 551European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia.
- 552Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
- 553Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 554Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 555Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- 556Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- 557Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India.
- 558Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 559Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
- 560Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- 561School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
- 562Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
- 563Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 564Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran.
- 565Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 566Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
- 567Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 568Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala.
- 569Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.
- 570Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- 571Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
- 572Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.
- 573Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- 574Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 575Biological Production Development, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 576Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- 577Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- 578Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
- 579Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- 580Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 581Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
- 582Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 583Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.
- 584Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 585Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 586Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 587School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 588Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- 589Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 590Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England.
- 591Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte.
- 592Market Access, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey.
- 593Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil.
- 594Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 595Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 596National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
- 597Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- 598Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- 599Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.
- 600Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
- 601Noncommunicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Developmen, Tehran, Iran.
- 602Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India.
- 603University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
- 604Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
- 605Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 606Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
- 607Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia.
- 608Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
- 609University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- 610Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 611Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 612Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India.
- 613Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 614Department of Genetics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridiski, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 615Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- 616School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 617Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 618Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- 619School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
- 620Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama.
- 621Department of Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
- 622Department No. 16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia.
- 623Therapeutic Department, Balashiha Central Hospital, Balashikha, Russia.
- 624Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- 625Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
- 626Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
- 627Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
- 628Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 629Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.
- 630Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 631Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- 632Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
- 633Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
- 634Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 635Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuţă" Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 636Department of Medical Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 637Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- 638Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- 639Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Madrid, Spain.
- 640Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
- 641Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
- 642Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- 643Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- 644Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- 645Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston.
- 646College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
- 647University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- 648Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- 649Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 650Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 651School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
- 652Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 653School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 654Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- 655Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
- 656Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India.
- 657HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- 658Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute for Health and Medical Research Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France.
- 659Department of Health, Medicine and Human Biology, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France.
- 660Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- 661Modestum LTD, London, England.
- 662Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 663Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 664Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- 665Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
- 666School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- 667Health Informatics Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
- 668Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
- 669Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
- 670Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- 671Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 672Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois.
- 673Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
- 674Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
- 675Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 676Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 677Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- 678Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- 679Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 680Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 681Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
- 682Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
- 683Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 684Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- 685Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 686Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 687School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
- 688College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 689Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- 690Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany.
- 691Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 692Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- 693Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 694Research and Development Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.
- 695Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada.
- 696Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- 697School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- 698George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
- 699Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
- 700Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- 701Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
- 702Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
- 703Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi.
- 704School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- 705Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- 706Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- 707Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
- 708Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 709Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- 710Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia.
- 711Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
- 712Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
- 713Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 714Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 715Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- 716Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston.
- 717Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Brasília University, Brasilia, Brazil.
- 718Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle.
- 719Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Abstract
Importance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.
Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.
Evidence review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.
Conclusions and relevance: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Kocarnik reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities as well as nonfinancial support from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation during the conduct of the study. Drs Lu, Xu, Bisignano, Compton, Dean, Fu, Mohammed, and Henrikson reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation during the conduct of the study. Dr Ancuceanu reported personal fees and nonfinancial support from AbbVie; personal fees from Sandoz and B. Braun; and consulting/speaking fees from UCB, Sandoz, AbbVie, Zentiva, Teva, Laropharm, CEGEDIM, Angelini, B. Braun, Biessen Pharma, Hofigal, AstraZeneca, and Stada. Dr Atorkey received research support from Hunter Medical Research Research Institute. Dr Bhaskar reported grants from the NSW Ministry of Health NSW Brain Clot Bank outside the submitted work and serving on the board of directors for the Rotary Club of Sydney and International Rotary Fellowship of Healthcare Professionals. Dr Conde reported being a cofounder of and shareholder in TargTex S.A. Dr Dai reported grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Dr Filip reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute. Dr Ghith reported grants from NovoNordisk Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Haro reported research support from Eli Lilly and Co. Dr J. Islam reported grants from the American Society of Clinical Oncology outside the submitted work. Dr S. Islam reported grants from NHMRC Emerging Leadership Fellowship and the National Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship and Vanguard Grant outside the submitted work. Dr Ismail reported being a council member of the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy. Dr Katikireddi reported grants from the Medical Research Council and the Scottish government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study as well as being a member of the steering group for Obesity Action Scotland. Dr Kauppila reported grants from the Finnish Cancer Foundation, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Loureiro reported grants from FCT Scientific and Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme through the European Regional Development Fund outside the submitted work. Dr Moni reported grants from the University of Queensland during the conduct of the study. Dr Radfar reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and the Clinical Research Institute. Dr Rakovac reported grants from the World Health Organization during the conduct of the study. Dr Saylan reported being an employee of Bayer. Dr Sekerija reported personal fees from Roche and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. Dr Sheikh reported grants from Health Data Research UK outside the submitted work. Dr Singh reported consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Navigant, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point, National Institutes of Health, American College of Rheumatology, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Adept Field Solutions, Two Labs Inc, Clinical Care Options, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, and Focus Forward; stock options in TPT Global Tech, Vaxart, Atyu, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte’s Web Holdings, Inc; nonfinancial support from Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology; service on the US Food and Drug Administration arthritis advisory committee, American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting planning committee and quality of care committees and as chair of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee and American College of Rheumatology Meet-the-Professor, Workshop and Study Group subcommittee and Criteria and Response Criteria subcommittee (cochair); and being the editor and director of the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis. Dr Zhu reported grants from the UTHealth Innovation for Cancer Prevention Research Training Program Predoctoral Fellowship. Dr Force reported grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and St. Baldrick’s Foundation, financial support from the National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Award, and research support from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aujayeb reports grants, honoraria, and personal fees from Rocket Medical PLC outside the submitted work. Dr Ausloos reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submitted work. Dr Bärnighausen reports grants from the European Union, German Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and World Health Organization; consulting fees from KfW; board participation in the National Institutes of Health’s Healthy Options study, German National Committee, EDCTP Evaluation, Global Health Hub Germany, and University of Pennsylvania Population Aging Research Center; and service as a member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS, and the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee for the Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief outside the submitted work. Dr Bhagat reports personal fees from Elsevier and Springer outside the submitted work. Dr Bleyer reports royalties or licenses from Springer Publishing, Germany; consulting fees from Slack Publishing, and expert testimony with Bradley Drendel & Jeanney outside the submitted work. Dr Braithwaite reports research support from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. Dr Catalá-López reports board service with the International Agency for Research on Cancer outside the submitted work. Dr Chaturvedi reports grants from the National Institutes of Health and government of India outside the submitted work. Dr Cortés reports research support from the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Chile. Dr Driscoll reports expert testimony in 2019 and board membership with the Expert Advisory Group of the Australian Mesothelioma Registry outside the submitted work. Dr El-Jaafary reports service on the steering committee of the Movement Disorder Society Young Members group. Dr Grosso reports research support from the University of Catania Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale and University of Catania and grants from the Italian Ministry of Health outside the submitted work. Dr Guha reports grants from the the American Heart Association. Dr Gunasekera reports service as an assistant secretary for Sri Lanka College of Oncology outside the submitted work. Dr Gupta reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia outside the submitted work. Dr Haider reports research support from Ohio University and board service for the American Public Health Association outside the submitted work. Dr Herteliu reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation and Ministry of Labour and Social Justice, Romania outside the submitted work. Dr Hugo reports research support from CAPES Higher Education Improvement Coordination Brazil. Dr Kahrizi reports research support, grants, royalties/licenses, consulting fees, honoraria, expert testimony, patents (planned, issued, or pending), board service, and stock and stock options from Razi University outside the submitted work. Dr G. Khan reports membership with the UAE Ministry of Health National Immunization Task Advisory Group. Dr Koul reports research support from Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Dr La Vecchia reports grants or contracts from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro outside the submitted work. Dr Miller reports grants from AB InBev Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr Odukoya reports grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr Pana reports grants from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation outside the submitted word. Dr Panagiotakos reports research support from the Hellenic Cardiology Society and Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society. Dr Sanabria reports research support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, patents with their institution and board service for the Department and Surgical Services Lines outside the submitted work. Dr Silva reports research support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil and CNPq. Dr Straif reports board service with the Collegium Ramazzini and ISEE Europe Chapter as an elected member and nonfinancial support from the International Agency for Research on Cancer outside the submitted work. Dr Volovici reports personal fees from JAMA Network Open. Dr Yazie reports research support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, and St. Baldrick’s Foundation. Dr Younis reports research support from Jackson State University. No other disclosures were reported.
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Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration; Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, Dicker DJ, Chimed-Orchir O, Dandona R, Dandona L, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Hancock J, Hay RJ, Hunter-Merrill R, Huynh C, Hosgood HD, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Khubchandani J, Kumar GA, Kutz M, Lan Q, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD, MacIntyre MF, Marczak L, Marquez N, Mokdad AH, Pinho C, Pourmalek F, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Sandar L, Sartorius B, Schwartz SM, Shackelford KA, Shibuya K, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Sun J, Takahashi K, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wagner JA, Wang H, Westerman R, Zeeb H, Zoeckler L, Abd-Allah F, Ahmed MB, Alabed S, Alam NK, Aldhahri SF, Alem G, Alemayohu MA, Ali R, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amoako Y, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Atnafu N, Awasthi A, Saleem HB, Barac A, Bedi N, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Binagwaho A, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Chiang P, Chibueze C, Chitheer A, Choi JY, Cowie B, Damtew S, das Neves J, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Ding E, Driscoll T, Ekwueme D, Endries AY, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Fernandes J, Fischer F, G/Hiwot TT, Gebru A, Gopalani S, Hailu A, Horino M, Horita N, Hussein…See abstract for full author list ➔JAMA Oncol. 2017 Apr 1;3(4):524-548. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688.PMID: 27918777 Free PMC article.
Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, Barengo NC, Beaton AZ, Benjamin EJ, Benziger CP, Bonny A, Brauer M, Brodmann M, Cahill TJ, Carapetis J, Catapano AL, Chugh SS, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Criqui M, DeCleene N, Eagle KA, Emmons-Bell S, Feigin VL, Fernández-Solà J, Fowkes G, Gakidou E, Grundy SM, He FJ, Howard G, Hu F, Inker L, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Koroshetz W, Lavie C, Lloyd-Jones D, Lu HS, Mirijello A, Temesgen AM, Mokdad A, Moran AE, Muntner P, Narula J, Neal B, Ntsekhe M, Moraes de Oliveira G, Otto C, Owolabi M, Pratt M, Rajagopalan S, Reitsma M, Ribeiro ALP, Rigotti N, Rodgers A, Sable C, Shakil S, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Stark B, Sundström J, Timpel P, Tleyjeh IM, Valgimigli M, Vos T, Whelton PK, Yacoub M, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Fuster V; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Dec 22;76(25):2982-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.PMID: 33309175 Free PMC article. Review.
Torgerson PR, Devleesschauwer B, Praet N, Speybroeck N, Willingham AL, Kasuga F, Rokni MB, Zhou XN, Fèvre EM, Sripa B, Gargouri N, Fürst T, Budke CM, Carabin H, Kirk MD, Angulo FJ, Havelaar A, de Silva N.PLoS Med. 2015 Dec 3;12(12):e1001920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001920. eCollection 2015 Dec.PMID: 26633705 Free PMC article. Review.
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