Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing subgingival oral yeasts colonization in patients with peri-implant mucositis
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Nitte Deemed to be University, AB Shetty Memorial Institutes of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, India.
- Department of General Dental Practice, P. O. Box 24923, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
- Department of Public Health, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 74530, Pakistan.
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, P.O Box 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577204, India; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia. Electronic address: darshandevang@gmail.com.
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to assess the role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in reducing subgingival oral yeasts colonization (OYC) in patients with peri-implant mucositis (PIM).
Methods: Patients diagnosed with PIM were included. Patient demographics were recorded and implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation protocols were retrieved from patients' records. Peri-implant clinical parameters (modified plaque index [mPI], modified bleeding index [mBI] probing depth [PD]) and subgingival OYC and were assessed using standard techniques. All patients were randomly divided into test- and control-groups. In the test-group, patients underwent mechanical debridement (MD) of implant surfaces and supra and sub-gingival peri-implant sulci peri-implant immediately followed by a single session of aPDT. In the control-group, patients underwent MD alone. Peri-implant clinical parameters and OYC were re-assessed at 3-months' follow-up. Sample-size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation and group-comparisons were done using the paired t- and Mann Whitney U-tests. Correlation between age, mPI, mBI, PD and OYC at baseline and 3-months' follow-up was assessed using regression analysis models. A statistically significant difference between the groups was recorded when P-values were less than 0.01.
Results: Thirty-four individuals (17 and 17 in the test- and control groups, respectively) were included. There was no significant difference in the mean age, scores of mPI, mBI, PD and OYC among patients in the test- and control-groups at baseline. At 3-months of follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in scores of mPI (P<0.001), mBI (P<0.001), PD (P<0.001) and OYC (P<0.001) among patients in the test- compared with the control-groups. There was no significant correlation between age, mPI, mBI, PD and OYC in both groups.
Conclusion: In the short term, a single session of aPDT as an adjunct to MD is effective in reducing peri-implant soft tissue inflammation and OYC in patients with PIM.
Keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Gingival bleeding; Mechanical debridement; Oral yeasts; Peri-implant mucositis; Probing depth.
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